Policy Analysis Memorandum: Incorporating Criminological Theory Into Policy-Making Decisions

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Overview: For this assignment, due in Module Two, you will write a policy analysis memorandum that is a minimum of one page in length, excluding title and reference pages, that explains to the supervisor of your criminal justice agency the importance of incorporating an understanding of at least two criminological theories into policymaking. Explain how your understanding of the theories would help you begin to analyze policy for how it could be improved. This memorandum will help prepare you for your Milestone One submission in Module Three.


First, review the document Criminological Theories Defined as well as the different criminological theories that are described in your text Criminological Theory. Select two theories to complete this assignment. In your reading and in your research, pay particular attention to how criminological theories have been applied in the creation or revision of departmental policies.

Next, consider the following scenario: Your supervisor needs to be convinced of the need to incorporate criminological theory into the decisions that are made regarding departmental policy-making. Write this memo for a departmental policy from one of the three following departments: law enforcement, the courts, or corrections.

Use the Memorandum Template to complete the assignment. Address the following critical elements as they are reflected in the Sample Policy Memorandum.

Prompt: These critical elements appear as headings in the Memorandum Template and must be addressed:

1. Issue Presented: In a brief one-sentence question, summarize the importance of incorporating an understanding of at least two criminological theories into the decisions that are made regarding departmental policymaking. 2. Short Answer: Provide a short answer that summarizes the conclusion of the memorandum. 3. Statement of Facts: Describe how incorporating these two criminological theories will result in more effective policymaking. 4. Discussion: Using examples from your text and from your own research, briefly discuss at least one example of a departmental policy (from law enforcement, the courts, or corrections) that has effectively been revised to incorporate these two criminological theories. 5. Conclusion: Provide a conclusion based on the research you have done and the details you have gathered. 6. Recommendations: Recommend incorporating an understanding of at least two criminological theories into a departmental policy in one of the three following departments: law enforcement, the courts, or corrections.

Reference your textbook or other course readings to support your submission.

This policy analysis memorandum assignment should follow these formatting guidelines: minimum 1 page in length (excluding title and reference pages), single spaced, 12-point Times New Roman font, one-inch margins, and citations in APA style. Cite your sources within the text of your paper and on the reference page. Please use the Memorandum Template to complete this activity.

MAKE SURE TO CHECK Turnitin for plagiarism this cannot have any copied sources at all!!!

The Memo template and Therories defined are attached as well.

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CJ 520 Criminological Theories Defined Criminological Theory Conflict Theory Definition Crimes are committed as a result of conflict over resources and socioeconomic factors. Conflict over resources results in one group controlling resources and higher paying jobs, and oppressing other groups, limiting their access to both resources and jobs. This disparity between socioeconomic groups serves as a motivating force behind crime. Rational Choice Theory People commit crimes because they weighed their options, assessed the risks, and chose to commit the crime(s). In this theory, researchers are mainly concerned with the thought process of the offender and the evaluation of whether or not committing a crime is worth the risk (risk vs. reward). Furthermore, many offenders have gotten away with similar types of crimes in the past, which increases the chance of repeat offenses. In other words, the reward is greater than the risk. This motivational factor is one of the most prevalent seen within the criminal justice system today. Social Disorganization Theory This theory attributes the motivations behind criminal acts to the surrounding environmental conditions. It theorizes that lower income communities produce higher rates of crime because delinquency is generally accepted. According to this theory, place matters more than individual characteristics. Lower income areas within a given jurisdiction suffer from several stressors, the most important of which is economic constraints. This theory can assist a criminal justice organization in helping to not only explain the cause of higher crime rates, but aid in finding a solution to lower those rates. Strain Theory This theory states that an individual will take an avenue of criminal acts to achieve monetary gain if they cannot do so by legitimate means. The concept of delayed gratification is also a key component of this theory. Many people want to achieve success without putting any hard work in, which often leads to taking a shortcut (crime). Those who do not have the discipline to understand and abide by the concept of delayed gratification will often succumb to the temptations of reaching their goal through criminal means. This type of motivation can reveal itself in crimes such as mortgage fraud or insurance fraud. These types of “white collar” criminal acts assist in adding credibility to this theory as the perpetrator eliminates due process to reap fraudulent benefits immediately. Labeling Theory According to this theory, those persons who are in a position of power make the decisions and define what a criminal act is. Additionally, they have the power to label someone a criminal, which, in turn, makes it hard for that person to achieve success within society. For those labeled as criminals, these circumstances increase the risk of committing repeat offenses, perpetuating a life of crime. Within the field of criminal justice, repeat offenders will often speak of how difficult it is to obtain a job and earn income through legitimate means due to their past offenses and convictions. This theory offers an excellent explanation for the prevalence of repeat offenders. MEMORANDUM TO: FROM: RE: DATE: Issue Presented Short Answer Statement of Facts Discussion Conclusion Recommendations References
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Explanation & Answer

Attached.

MEMORANDUM

TO: The supervisor
FROM:
RE: importance of incorporating an understanding of criminological theories into policymaking
DATE:
Issue Presented
Is it important to incorporate an understanding of criminal theories into policy making?

Short Answer
It is necessary for our organization to incorporate criminological theories so as to ease decision
making and policy making.
Statement of Facts
The two criminological theories that will be effective for the organization are labelli...

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