Description
The chi-square test of independence is used to determine whether two or more samples of cases differ on a nominal level variable. A Pearson correlation is used to determine the relationship between two continuous variables. Both the chi-square test of independence and correlation are widely used in the analysis of public health data.
The purpose of this assignment is to practice calculating and interpreting the Pearson correlation coefficient and a chi-square test of independence. After analyzing the data, communicate the results of one of the tests in a PowerPoint presentation. Refer to the Using and Interpreting Statistics: A Practical Text for the Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences textbook and instructional videos for assistance completing this assignment.
Part 1
Use SPSS "Health Behavior Data Set" and complete the following:
- Conduct a Pearson correlation to determine the relationship between age and annual income.
- Conduct a chi-square test to determine the relationship between sex and smoking status.
- Export the SPSS output for the Pearson correlation and chi-square tests.
Part 2
Create an 8-10-slide PowerPoint presentation to discuss the findings of the t-test. Create a voice-over or a video presentation that is 5-7 minutes in length. Your slides should be shown on the screen as you present. Loom may be used (you must use your GCU email address to access all of the features for Loom). Other options are Zoom or the recording feature in PowerPoint. Include an additional slide for the link with your selected method of presentation at the beginning and an additional slide for references at the end.
Include the following.
Include the following:
- Explain why the statistical test is most appropriate for analyzing the data and whether the assumptions were met.
- What are the null and alternative hypotheses for this specific scenario?
- What is the critical value? What is the decision rule?
- Per the output, what is the test statistic and p-value?
- How do you interpret the results? (What was done? What was found? What does it mean? What suggestions are there for the creation of a health promotion intervention?)
General Requirements
Submit the SPSS exported output (Part 1) and the PowerPoint presentation (Part 2) to the assignment dropbox.
While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

Explanation & Answer

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ANALYZING PUBLIC HEALTH DATA:
PEARSON CORRELATION AND CHISQUARE TESTS
PURPOSE OF STATISTICAL TESTS
• Pearson Correlation: Measures the relationship between two continuous variables
(e.g., age and annual income).
• Chi-Square Test: Determines the independence of two categorical variables (e.g.,
sex and smoking status).
• Both are commonly used for public health research to identify patterns and
relationships in data.
ASSUMPTIONS FOR EACH TEST
• Pearson Correlation:
• Continuous variables
• Linear relationship between variables
• No significant outliers
• Chi-Square Test:
• Categorical data
• Independent observations
• Adequate sample size (expected counts >5)
HYPOTHESES
• Pearson Correlation:
Null (H₀): There is no correlation between age and income (r = 0).
Alternative (Hₐ): A correlation exists between age and income (r ≠ 0).
• Chi-Square Test:
Null (H₀): Smoking status is independent of sex.
Alternative (Hₐ): Smoking status is dependent on sex.
DECISION RULE
• Critical Value:
Pearson correlation: Determined using the p-value (α = 0.05).
Chi-square test: The critical value is based on the degrees of freedom (df = 1).
• Decision Rule:
Reject H₀ if the p-value < 0.05; otherwise, fail to reject H₀.
RESULTS FOR PEARSON CORRELATION
• Test Statistic: r=0.139
• P-Value: 0.463 (p>0.05)
• Interpretatio...
