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Business Finance

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First thing, I want you to do before you write the 150 words comment on that paper. Read those instructions and follow them.

You must answer the questions thoroughly and cite all relevant assigned readings for those attachments (using APA format).

DO NOT refer to or incorporate information from extremely unreliable sources (e.g., Wikipedia, TMZ, and The Onion).

Posts must be well written, free of grammatical errors, relevant to the topic, and demonstrate critical thinking and analysis. Postings are defined as more than simply stating “I agree,” or “good answer,” but includes. WHY you agree/disagree or why you think it is a good answer or not.

Required readings:

• Friedrichs, D.O. (2010). Trusted criminals: White-collar crime in contemporary society. (4th Ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

• Other articles and websites – as linked via BlackBoard

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Kristensy The three regulatory agencies I chose to discuss for this discussion, in the context of regulating white collar crime are as follows: The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is the oldest of the three agencies being established in 1914. It was created to combat trusts as well as “unfair and deceptive business practices” and advertising. Though it has been criticized by advocate groups for being inefficient and almost impotent in its focus of helping consumers, not to mention business owners for interfering with their operations, the FTC still claims it is helping the consumer. The fact of the matter is that the FTC has “devoted a disproportionate amount of time to addressing mergers” and not “breaking up corporations.” (Friedrichs, 2010) The FTC can issue trade regulation rules which are enforceable by law. The FTC can also render opinions of advice to businesses inquiring about their liability regarding some of their policies and practices. In recent years, the FTC role has expanded to where they address anti-trust issues out of the country via the “International Competition Network.” (Friedrichs, 2010) Defrauding consumers appears to be the nucleus from which the FTC seeks to remedy as far as whitecollar crimes go. Nevertheless, three main bureaus comprise the FTC. The Bureau of Consumer Protection does exactly that. The Bureau of Competition deals with monopolies, and the Bureau of Economics deals with mergers. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was established in 1934. Its main focus was to (back at the time of origin) to stop stock manipulation and fraud that was so prevalent leading up to the Stock Market crash of 1929. As is the FTC, the SEC is an independent agency. With branch offices in 15 US cities, as well as the Washington, DC headquarters, the SEC is tasked serving as a repository for registration statements filed by stock selling companies. They also provide securities information to investors, advise on bankruptcy reorganizations, and initiate actions when federal securities laws are violated (Friedrichs, 2010). That being said, the SEC only refers cases for criminal prosecution about 6% (Six out of 100 investigated parties) of the time. The SEC powers are limited and as such they have no legal access to evidence. The SEC must go before a judge so that a restraining order or injunction be imposed upon a given party. The SEC has very limited enforcement powers. Protecting investors from illegal financial practices via honest financial disclosure serves as a safety net for investors. The SEC can still be manipulated politically as it was in 2005, when President Bush appointed a new chairman of the SEC that was nowhere as strict the previous one. In fact, Senator John McCain called for this chairman’s firing after the Madoff scandal came to light but previous signs and complaints were neglected. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OHSA) I find to be the least effective of the three regulatory agencies I have researched. OSHA was established in 1971. Its primary task was to “develop and enforce procedures and standards for workplace health and safety. Though a federal agency under the Labor Department, many states have their own “watch dogs”, per se, that in many cases are more strident, tenacious, and successful than the federal OSHA. Critics have long claimed that OSHA was formed as a knew-jerk reaction to labor concerns. OSHA only inspects 2% of US workplaces (Friedrichs, 2010). Those 2% workplaces are unionized, highrisk type settings. OSHA can also be manipulated politically. For example, under President Reagan’s term (1981-1989) the emphasis was more on worker safety rather than health hazards (Friedrichs, 2010). It seemed that it was easier to regulate visible safety hazards that caused physical injury rather than look into the root cause, being the unsafe conditions that may cause health problems over long periods of time. In reality, the politically conservative and pro-business wanted limitations on OSHA’s reach (and subsequent success); they received it. OSHA is one of four entities in the US safety policy system. The other three are the legal system, state workers’ compensation insurance programs, and the labor market (Leeth, 2013). “Many studies find that firm compliance with OSHA standards rises considerably after the first inspection and then quickly levels off, meaning OSHA can get more compliance by inspecting extensively rather than intensively. OSHA should inspect more worksites for the first time and inspect fewer worksites for the second and third times.” (Leeth, 2013). “The two leading causes of workplace deaths in recent years, transportation incidents and assaults and other violent acts, are unlikely to be reduced much by OSHA inspections. Less than half of the fatalities occurred from events generally covered by OSHA standards.” (Leeth, 2013). This study appears to make OSHA, while an important commodity, not directed at the main issues it need be focused upon. References Friedrichs, D.O. (2010). Trusted criminals: White-collar crime in contemporary society.(4thed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Leeth, J. (2013). Evaluating OSHA’s Effectiveness and Suggestions for Reform. Retrieved on June 4, 2018, from https://www.mercatus.org/publication/evaluating-oshas-effectiveness-and-suggestionsreform
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I agree with the student that various agencies are involved in white collar crime including
the Security Exchange Commission, (SEC), Federal Trade Commissi...


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