Sustainable construction on a brownfield site (75%)
Specifying materials, services and construction techniques: As a member of the team that specified the
design for your case study site used in the first coursework, you have been commissioned to design and
construct an exclusive private dwelling within the development. The design is to focus on three major aspects
of your private dwelling including:
Sustainable construction materials
sustainable construction methods, techniques, processes and site management practices
Sustainable building services, resources and facilities
Your report should justify the choice of materials, methods, construction management approaches, as well as
sustainable services, resources and facilities, with particular emphasis on specifications that consider various
indices of sustainability. Among others, the following indices of sustainability could be used for justifying the
choices made:
The life cycle, environmental cost and embodied energy of chosen materials
The effect of indoor climate on the health, comfort and productivity of users
The social aspects of the building in its suitability for different kinds of users (e.g. elderly people,
parents with young children and disabled).
Access to services needed by the users of the building
Support for social cohesion and relationships.
Economic justification for materials choice and construction technology
The choice of energy and building services
You are expected to identify and explain the guiding sustainability principles for your proposal, choice of
materials, services, construction method and project management decisions.
Submission Requirements
The assignment submission will be in report format, approximately 3,600 words in length, conforming to
appropriate written assignment standards. Dividing the submission into sections by using sub-headings
makes presentation and reading easier, and a robust conclusion (drawing on arguments presented in your
writing) is a vital element. Reference sources can be freely drawn on but remember to cite the source(s)
used, and identify them properly in the References section.
Submission Date/Requirement
Date:
This module requires you to submit your coursework via Turnitin, whose folder is included on module
content page. Turnitin is a worldwide text-matching service; you can also use this to help check your
references. Using Turnitin, you can also revise, re-check and resubmit your work right up to 24hrs before the
submission date and time. To make use of this checking service you must submit your work early. No
resubmissions will be accepted after the deadline date.
CAUTION: Please note that if you submit your work in Turnitin and then decide to revise or override the
original copy, you will automatically lose the freedom to get the similarity index within 24hrs after three
attempts. To reiterate, if you decide to make use of the checking service, then you must also be prepared to
resubmit your work earlier giving a minimum of 24hrs lag to the deadline in order to get your similarity index
report. If you ignore this and try to request a similarity index on the handing in date then, unfortunately, the
system will freeze on you with a ‘pending’ notice
Discussion Board: Please note that the module discussion boards are designed to provide a rich source of
collaborative thought and ideas, and to provide a platform for you to investigate and log the various aspects
of your design. This is expected to formatively influence the content of your final (design) report. As much as
you are engaging one another, the module leader would also be able to offer suggestions through the
discussion board.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
1)
•
•
•
What are the submission requirements?
Word counts are +/- 10% and exclude title pages, contents pages, figures/ tables, appendices, and reference lists.
Harvard referencing must be used throughout.
Assignment marking will stop at the point where the word count limit is met; any words beyond that limit will not be
assessed.
2) What should be the size of the proposed site?
You are not expected to produce any real design, therefore the size of the site is not important. The only important
factor to be considered here as stated in the brief is that your site is a mixeduse development.
3) Do I need to specify the number of commercial/ residential units and their floor areas within the
development?
No. You are required to explain what the mixed-use development is, what it includes and how the mixed-uses
interrelate with each other and the local context.
4) How important are drawings/ sketches/ diagrams?
You are producing a report to justify what would be included in your design and construction – you are not required to
(nor will be assessed on) produce any real design. You may wish to use existing images, photographs or hand
sketches to support your proposal.
5) What is the preferred layout of the final proposal?
• Your proposal should be presented as a professional report and should consider both elements of the assignment.
There is not a preferred layout for the final proposal, but you should consider readability and use subheadings/
signposting.
• You must use clear and succinct language and include only relevant information. DO NOT use personal pronouns
or subjective language such as ‘eco-friendly/ massive/ great’, etc.
• ENSURE that you introduce abbreviated terms fully before using them. • Remember that your client is nontechnical so your language should be appropriately pitched.
• There is a lot of information to present so I suggest that less is more in terms of the number of measures you
propose; it is more important to demonstrate joined up thinking between those that you do.
6) Is this an academic or a professional piece of work?
This is an academic piece of work but written for a built environment professional. It is therefore important that you use
appropriate and accessible language and do not assume the reader’s knowledge. As a post-graduate, it is essential
that you fully reference your work. If you are unclear on the Harvard referencing system, please speak with your
academic advisor or refer to the university ‘quote-unquote’ guidance found here.
7) Is there a marking scheme?
Yes, the marking scheme for assessment component one can be seen within the assignment brief. The marking
scheme for your final design can be seen in the table below.
Assessment criteria for coursework 2
Sustainable construction materials (30%)
The student demonstrated a thorough understanding
of sustainable construction materials. Choice of
construction materials would have been influenced
by the three pillars of sustainability and the decision
to use a material would be influenced by the whole
life impacts of the material.
70%
and
above
There will be many examples of research into various
materials, and final choice would have been
influenced by several indices of sustainability and
suitability of the materials. Suitable materials would
be selected and justified for all elements of the
proposed building. There would be evidence of
adequate comparison between different materials.
21 – 30 marks
60-69%
The student demonstrated a strong awareness of
sustainable construction methods and materials, and
their potential impact. Good consideration was given
to all pillars of sustainability while selecting materials
for construction, and the analysis is sensitive to the
whole life impacts of the different materials.
Various materials would have been considered, and
the final material choice would be guided by the
indices of sustainability and suitability of the
materials. Suitable materials would be selected and
Sustainable construction methods,
technology and site management
practices (20%)
Sustainable services, resources and
facilities (30%)
The student demonstrated a thorough
understanding of the social, economic and
environmental
impacts
of
different
construction methods, techniques, process
and site management practices. The choice of
construction techniques and site management
practices is underpinned by these
considerations as well as the suitability of the
method for the proposed development.
The student considered a wide range of
sustainable services and facilities including
heating, ventilation, lighting and water
resources, among others. Their choice was
underpinned by a thorough understanding of the
social, economic and environmental impacts of
different options. Building materials, building
elements and construction technology are also
sensitive to sustainable service supply.
There will be many examples of research into
sustainability aspects of different construction
techniques, sustainable site management and
construction methods.
The proposed construction project would
clearly consider the three pillars of
sustainability as well as various aspects of
building regulation and other legislative
requirements.
14 – 20 marks
The student demonstrated a very good
understanding of the social, economic and
environmental
impacts
of
different
construction methods and site management
practices. The choice of these is underpinned
by environmental considerations. Suitability of
the construction technique for the proposed
development adequately considered.
There will be several examples of research
into sustainability aspects of different
Effectiveness of
referencing and
quality sources of
evidence (10%)
Consistently
high
standards of referencing
and source attribution.
Evidence that a wide
range of literature has
been used and they
have been drawn from
quality
academic
sources.
Various resources were compared, and the final
choices made were underpinned by the three
pillars of sustainability. Some evidence of
payback period is presented, and reference is
made to relevant legislative provisions. All major
building services, resources and facilities would
be considered.
Comparison between
different design,
materials and methods
were underpinned by
reliable sources of
evidence throughout.
21 – 30 marks
7 – 10 marks
The student considered a wide range of
sustainable services and facilities including
heating, ventilation, lighting and water
resources, among others. Their choice was
underpinned by a thorough understanding of the
social, economic and environmental impacts of
different options. Building materials, building
elements and construction technology are also
sensitive to sustainable service supply.
Referencing and source
attribution of a good
standard. A good range
of literature has been
sourced from quality.
Most decision made
were substantiated with
reliable
academic
literature
Clarity and written
quality (10%)
Fluently and elegantly
expressed throughout
with
a
coherent
structure.
Relevant
illustrative
images and sketches
are adequately used,
and the materials are
effectively incorporated
into the report.
7 – 10 marks
Consistently
good
standard of written and
verbal expression.
Illustrative materials are
well-chosen, and they
are effectively into the
report.
justified for all major elements of the proposed
building.
construction techniques, methods and site
management practices.
There would be a good balance between the three
pillars of sustainability.
The proposed construction activities would be
sensitive to various legislative requirements
and the sustainability aspects of various
activities to be carried out.
12 – 14 marks
The student presented a competent appraisal
of different construction techniques, methods,
processes and site management practices as
well as their environmental impacts.
17 – 21 marks
The student will have presented a competent
appraisal of sustainable construction materials, and
their potential impact. There will be sufficient
evidence of research into their sustainability and
effectiveness, and conclusions will be drawn with
relevant support.
50-59%
40-49%
Major elements of the proposed building would have
been specified, and the justifications for the choices
made would be based on various indices of
sustainability. Justifications would also be based on
at least two pillars of sustainability.
The choice of construction technique is largely
influenced by their suitability and their impacts
on the environment.
Attention was paid to all aspects of site
management and methods of construction
with only minor omission.
14 – 17 marks
The student will have presented a reasonable
appraisal of sustainable construction materials, and
their potential impacts. However, this might be based
on only one or two pillar(s) of sustainability.
9 – 12 marks
The student presented a good appraisal of
different construction techniques, methods,
processes and site management practices as
well as their environmental impacts.
Major building elements would be considered, but the
research may be lacking in both amount and
evidence of usage, and conclusions will be
inadequately supported. There would be a lack of
comparison between various materials.
Sustainable construction methods and site
management practices were considered, but
the report is lacking adequate justification for
the choices made. Attention would be paid to
some aspects of site management and
methods of construction but some important
aspects of the whole process were not
adequately considered.
6 – 9 marks
11 – 14 marks
6 – 7 marks
Some evidence of payback period is presented,
and reference is made to legislative provisions.
All major building services, resources and
facilities would be considered.
17 – 21 marks
The student considered a wide range of
sustainable services and facilities including
heating, ventilation, lighting and water
resources, among others. Their choice was
underpinned by a good understanding of the
social, economic and environmental impacts of
different options.
Building materials, building elements and
construction technology are also sensitive to
sustainable service supply. All major building
services, resources and facilities would be
considered.
14 – 17 marks
The student considered some aspects of
sustainable services and facilities including
heating, ventilation, lighting and water
resources, among others. The choice of heating,
ventilation and lighting is underpinned by
environmental aspects of sustainability. Some
thoughts would be given to economic aspects of
building elements and facilities.
All major building services, resources and
facilities would be considered.
11 – 14 marks
6 – 7 marks
Referencing and source
attribution
mainly
methodical
and
accurate.
Evidence has been
identified from a limited
range of sources, some
of which are academic.
Generally
good
standard of written and
verbal expression with
the use of some
appropriate illustrative
material
Very negligible errors in
spelling or formatting
5 – 6 marks
5 – 6 marks
Referencing and source
attribution are mostly
accurate.
There are some lapses
in revealing sources
clearly and accurately.
Very limited evidence of
academic literature.
4 – 5 marks
Good use of language,
but there may be some
errors in spelling and the
use of grammar.
Illustrative
material
sometimes
poorly
considered and/or fails
to communicate the
main messages.
Organisation of the
material may fail to
address the need to
communicate with the
reader.
4 – 5 marks
0-39%
The student will have presented some reasonable
appraisal of sustainable construction materials, and
their potential impacts. However, this might be based
on only one pillar of sustainability. The specification
may be insensitive to the overall effectiveness of the
materials.
A reasonable attempt was made to justify the
choice of construction method and site
management approach from environmental
point of view, but the report is lacking in detail.
Most aspects of the whole construction
processes were not adequately addressed.
The research may be lacking in both amount and
evidence of usage, and conclusions will be
inadequately supported. Only a few building
elements would be considered.
Conclusions will be inadequately supported.
0 – 10 marks
0 – 6 marks
A reasonable attempt was made to justify the
choice of various building services including
heating, ventilation, lighting and water
resources, among others. There is a limited
evidence to justify the social, economic and
environmental benefits of the choice made.
Some important building services, resources
and facilities may not be considered.
0 – 10 marks
Lack of consistency in
referencing and source
attribution.
Language lacks clarity.
Several
errors
of
spelling and grammar.
Some
lapses
in
revealing
sources
clearly and accurately.
Very limited evidence of
academic literature.
Illustrative
material
sometimes
poorly
considered
and/or
generally missing.
Tendency to rely on
unreliable
or
inappropriate sources.
0 – 3 marks
Organisation of the
materials may fail to
address the need to
communicate with the
reader.
0 – 3 marks
MSC Building Surveying 202410
ARCS727 - Sustainable Construction
Sustainable Planning and Design on Al-Ruwais District, Jeddah
Student ID: c7555037
Word Count:1,350
Contents
MSC Building Surveying 202324..................................................................................... 1
Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 3
Establishing a Balanced Building Mix ....................................................................................... 3
Integrating Green Infrastructure and Advanced Drainage Solutions ................................... 3
Harmonizing New Development with Existing Architectural Heritage.................................. 5
Enhancing Mobility through a Sustainable Transport Network ............................................. 6
Placing Community Services and Facilities at the Core ........................................................ 6
Orienting Buildings for Optimal Thermal Comfort ................................................................... 7
Designing Functional and Inviting Outdoor Spaces ................................................................ 8
Leveraging Sustainable Technologies for Long-Term Resilience ......................................... 8
Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 8
Reference ...................................................................................................................................... 9
Introduction
As an urban case study, Al-Ruwais District is centrally situated in the city of Jeddah and has
good and bad lights for sustainable development. Al-Ruwais was developed originally as an
unplanned settlement and is currently characterized by infrastructural shortcomings and unused
spaces that require a sustainable transformation of the architecture and urban design of the
city. From this perspective, the architectural layout of this proposal for the city of Al-Ruwais will
portray a social, environmental, and economic sustainable development that will sufficiently
meet the challenging needs of its inhabitants. More specific strategies for the district
redevelopment include the mixed-use layout, better WUI green infrastructure, better public
transport, and thermal comfort to ensure sustainable urban growth in compliance with Jeddah
Vision 2030.
Establishing a Balanced Building Mix
The new configuration of Al-Ruwais will have a functional separation of residential uses,
commercial areas, and community areas. Specific provisions for varied housing opportunities
will address passwords across the various income brackets to encourage current residents to
stay put and obtain new residents in the community. By inserting commercial places and local
stores within residential compounds, this proposal seeks to make small-scale independent
commercial hubs to minimize traveling distances and help achieve the economic development
of local facilities (Fatani et al., 2019). This design philosophy promotes both environmental
sustainability since transport emissions are virtually eliminated and, more fundamentally,
economic stability.
Integrating Green Infrastructure and Advanced Drainage Solutions
In Al-Ruwais, which is even more cramped, it is necessary to create comfortable parks and
garden areas or green roofs of working districts. Green infrastructure has an important
restorative effect on people, both mentally and physically, and performs utilitarian values like
mitigating urban heat island effect and enhancing air quality. Other research has indicated that
Jeddah’s green space per capita remains very low compared with best practice indicators, and
the ordinary citizen has limited access to nearby parks in a radius of 500 meters (Khalil, 2014).
Placing green zones in the environments offers residents the possibility of proximity to nature,
enhancing pedestrian accessibility and activity.
Figure 1: Comparison of Jeddah green space per capita with existing standards (Khalil, 2014)
This suggestion also includes the bioswale plan and permeable pavement in visible traffic
zones to control floods since a high-intensity, but low-frequency stream characterizes Jeddah.
These correlate [elements] to environmental sustainability by addressing issues of Biodiversity,
Water, and Urban Heat Island effects to design an attractive and environmentally conscious
neighborhood (Aljoufie & Tiwari, 2015).
Figure 2: Percentage of green spaces in districts of Jeddah (Khalil, 2014)
Harmonizing New Development with Existing Architectural Heritage
Maintaining the district's spirit concerning its architectural features is important, not just
because Al-Ruwais is an example of architectural uniqueness. To create an organic sense of
connection between the proposed development and the architectural character of Jeddah, the
design for the project will incorporate several locally specific features: preferring materials that
can be sourced locally, using earth tones for the building's façade, and incorporating decorative
elements that are distinctive to Jeddah. These elements harmonize the look of the new
construction with the historical ones and apply conceptual innovations in the use of sustainable
materials and energy-effective design.
It adds to the identity and unity of the community in a city where the dynamism of change might
erode the traditional touch, which is very sensible in architectural designs (Mandeli, 2019). This
architectural integration will enhance the unity of the environment by linking the old and new
districts while strengthening the social base of the district.
Figure 3:Residential areas in old and new Jeddah (Mandeli, 2019)
Enhancing Mobility through a Sustainable Transport Network
Able and convenient transport is critical in the sustainable redevelopment of Al-Ruwais. The
circulation systems focus on pedestrian networks, cycling infrastructure, and functional public
transport links like trams and buses that integrate the district with the rest of Jeddah. This
transport model increases accessibility while reducing the number of cars in the transport
systems within the district.
Implementing an interconnected transport system that enables the use of more than one form
of transport will facilitate mobility across Al-Ruwais and other parts of Jeddah, thereby lowering
the carbon footprint of the district (Al-Dweik & Nayer, 2020). By focusing on these
environmentally friendly types of transit, we hope to foster a sense of transportation-oriented
development that targets creating a district that is both convenient and sustainable from the
standpoint of emissions and overall quality of life.
Figure 4: Road and transport network blueprint for Al-Ruwais, highlighting pedestrian zones, cycle paths, and tram
stops to enhance sustainable mobility (Al-Dweik & Nayer, 2020)
Placing Community Services and Facilities at the Core
Accessibility and quality of life lay at the core of the redevelopment plan for Al-Ruwais. Security
features will remain closely linked to trade areas and be positioned in proximity to major
clusters of residences such as schools, healthcare facilities, and community centers. Such
closeness not only enhances the convenience of residents' daily lives but also enhances the
opportunities for social sustainability by increasing interaction between residents, thereby
decreasing the chances of discrimination in service delivery (El-Shorbagy & El-Shafie, 2014).
Accessibility of these services is important to ensure the district is preferred and sustainable for
residents now and in the future.
Figure 5: Centralized public service areas in Al-Ruwais to ensure ease of access and promote social inclusivity within
the community. (El-Shorbagy & El-Shafie, 2014)
Orienting Buildings for Optimal Thermal Comfort
Building orientation is critical in determining energy utilization and comfort in Jeddah,
particularly due to the prevailing warm climate. This proposal employs the north-south axis for
the principal building that houses the residential and commercial aspects to reduce the impact
of direct sunlight. Curtain walling and roofs will incorporate low thermal emittance surfaces that
retain lower temperatures, artificially avoiding heat gain and loads on artificial cooling systems.
This method is backed by research that shows that north-south kingdom orientations lower
temperatures by up to 3°C in certain daylight hours, as far as outside comfort in Al-Ruwais is
concerned (Hegazy & Qurnfulah, 2020). All these features make the redevelopment competent
in providing a beneficial impact on the environmental and economic aspects, as people do not
need to use intensive air-conditioning systems, and the spaces created are comfortable for
the inhabitants throughout the whole year.
Designing Functional and Inviting Outdoor Spaces
This proposal includes all-season plazas, outdoor sports areas, and pathways with trees and
shade to create a concrete, alive, and energetic community environment (Badawi, 2017). These
places are meant for social use and to allow users to easily engage in social activities, exercise,
and recreation in their locality. Seats and pathways are fitted with shades to increase usage of
open space during good weather to make it more cherisable.
In the light of regeneration, Al-Ruwais can introduce social sustenance by making landscape
appealing, available, and welcoming. Such facilities can complement the social and economic
relevance of the district, thereby giving competitors added value to compare with Residents and
Investors.
Leveraging Sustainable Technologies for Long-Term Resilience
This proposal embraces Vision 2030 of Jeddah, and therefore the plans for improving the future
performance of Al-Ruwais embrace the use of high-level green technologies. Thus, some of the
measures have been recommended which can be achieved according to the author include
installation of solar panel and roofs for energy; rain water harvesting for water; LED for energy
water demand of the district (Youssef et al., 2014). These technologies enhance cost cutting on
operations, less carbon emission, and resource conservation in this tender vegetation belt.
Therefore, incorporating sustainable technologies guarantees the district's environmental and
economic sustainability and a sustainable, climate-ready district to meet the community's future
demands.
Conclusion
Al-Ruwais District sustainable redevelopment is a good example of how urban planning practice
can consider the social benefits of the inhabitants as well as the impact of the redevelopment
on the environmental context. This proposal to revitalize Al-Ruwais depends on green
infrastructure, efficient transportation, energy-saving structures, and community-oriented
services to transform Al-Ruwais, and indeed Jeddah, into an example of developing
sustainably. Particular attention was paid to each design element to create a balanced
environment that integrates the district into the historical context, contemporary Jeddah
society’s needs, and sustainable development standards.
Reference
Al-Dweik, M. W., & Nayer, A. (2020). DEVELOPMENT OF EFFICIENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN
JEDDAH (TRAM SYSTEM: AL-MUNTALAQ MULTIMODAL STATION). Journal of Critical
Reviews, 7(08). https://doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.08.150
Aljoufie, M., & Tiwari, A. (2015). VALUING ‘GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE’ IN JEDDAH: a CITY LOST IN
‘GREY’ INFRASTRUCTURE. Journal of Architecture and Urbanism, 39(4), 248–259.
https://doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2015.1113901
Badawi, S. (2017). Sustainable Approach for Developing Local Mixed- use Streets Case Study Beit Al
Maqdis Street in Jeddah. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 37, 374–385.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.003
El-Shorbagy, A., & El-Shafie, M. (2014). AN ASSESSMENT STUDY OF UNPLANNED SETTLEMENTS
CASE STUDY: AL-RUWAIS DISTRICT, JEDDAH, SAUDI ARABIA. European Scientific Journal
ESJ, 10(32). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dr_Abdel-moniem_ElShorbagy/publication/270795262_AN_ASSESSMENT_STUDY_OF_UNPLANNED_SETTLEMEN
TS_CASE_STUDY_ALRUWAIS_DISTRICT_JEDDAH_SAUDI_ARABIA/links/54b4fb350cf26833efd04dba.pdf?disableC
overPage=true
Fatani, K. A., Mohamed, M., & Al-Khateeb, S. (2019). Survey based Sustainable Socio-Cultural
Guidelines for Neighbourhood design in Jeddah. IOP Conference Series Earth and
Environmental Science, 385(1), 012050. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/385/1/012050
Hegazy, I. R., & Qurnfulah, E. M. (2020). Thermal comfort of urban spaces using simulation tools
exploring street orientation influence of on the outdoor thermal comfort: a case study of Jeddah,
Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, 15(4), 594–606.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctaa028
Khalil, R. (2014). Quantitative evaluation of distribution and accessibility of urban green spaces (Case
study: City of Jeddah). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOMATICS AND GEOSCIENCES,
3(4).
Mandeli, K. (2019). Public space and the challenge of urban transformation in cities of emerging
economies: Jeddah case study. Cities, 95, 102409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.102409
Youssef, A. M., Pradhan, B., Sefry, S. A., & Abdullah, M. M. A. (2014). Use of geological and
geomorphological parameters in potential suitability assessment for urban planning development
at Wadi Al-Asla basin, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 8(8),
5617–5630. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-014-1663-9
Sust Con Reassessment 1
Abdullah Alharbi
Abdullah Hamdan - Assessment - Sustainable Constraction - 15909 - AUT…
Criteria
Design Proposal
Score
Comment
The student will have demonstrated a
thorough and critical understanding of the
sustainable urban design and exhibited
ability to evaluate and critically reflect upon
the contextual, theoretical, sustainable urban
design and technical research in relation to
their design development. The design mix,
planning, services provided, and the use type
will pay thorough attention to the social,
economic and environmental aspects of
sustainable urban environment. The
proposed design will demonstrate an
excellent understanding of sustainable urban
design principles. All the design decisions
made would be underpinned by relevant
literature and various sustainable urban
design principles. The report would appraise
different design decisions, and the final
design proposal would reflect an adequate
mix of the social, economic and
environmental aspects of sustainability.
45
The report breaks down the design into clear sections and demonstrates a solid understanding of sustainability principles. However, the critical analysis of decisions and
their specific impacts on the Al-Ruwais District is lacking. For example, while green infrastructure and sustainable transport systems are mentioned, there’s little discussion
on how these address Jeddah’s specific challenges, such as limited green spaces or transport inefficiencies. Statements need robust justification supported by in-text
citations to show academic rigor. Critical evaluation of the pros and cons of your design choices and their alignment with Jeddah Vision 2030 would strengthen your
argument.
Referencing
Score
Comment
Consistently high standards of referencing
and source attribution. Evidence that a wide
range of literature has been used and they
have been drawn from quality academic
sources. Comparison between different
design, materials and methods were
underpinned by reliable sources of evidence
throughout.
5
The bibliography contains credible sources, but the lack of in-text citations undermines the validity of your claims. For example, discussions of green infrastructure, thermal
comfort, and architectural heritage should directly cite supporting literature. This gap weakens your argument and limits the academic rigour of your work. Expanding the
range of literature to include more case studies or theoretical frameworks would provide depth. Properly integrating and citing your figures and visuals is also essential.
Written Quality
Score
Comment
Fluently and elegantly expressed throughout
with a coherent structure. Relevant
illustrative images and sketches are
adequately used, and the materials are
effectively incorporated into the report.
6
The report is well-structured and logically organized, making it easy to follow. However, avoid third-person phrasing and adopt a more academic tone. Visuals and figures,
while useful, need to be better integrated into the narrative and explicitly referenced in the text. For instance, discuss how each figure directly supports your argument (e.g.,
"Figure 3 illustrates..."). Proofreading is needed to correct minor errors and refine sentence structure for clarity. Expand sections where ideas are briefly introduced to add
depth and demonstrate critical thinking.
Total Score: 56
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