Overview: Life Review Analysis For this assignment, you will reflect on your interview with the older adult, introduce the individual to the reader, and respond to guiding questions to prepare an analysis paper. DO NOT INTERVIEW A FAMILY MEMBER UNLESS YOU OBTAIN COACH’S WRITTEN APPROVAL PRIOR TO INTERVIEW Your paper should include the following sections: 1. Introduction of Older Adult – This is the overall context of your interview but should not include the entire interview itself. 2. Analysis of the Life Review Interview – This includes description of the goals and benefits of life review, your differentiation between a Life Review and ordinary remembering and your analysis of the degree of ego integrity reached by the older adult. 3. Student’s Reflections – This describes your personal experience during the process, any impact it will have on your clinical practice, and a projection of your own legacy. 4. References – This is a list of resources you used during your interview and analysis recorded in APA format. Use at least 3 in-text citations of your sources. Use APA format throughout paper and references as appropriate. The paper should be no longer than 6 pages (not counting Pages 1-3 of this document and your page of references). If you have questions, please discuss them with your Academic Coach. You must also scan, upload, and submit your Interview Consent Form in the appropriate assignment portal. This form counts toward up to 15 points of your Life Review Analysis score. Details about each section are given later in this document. Performance Objectives: • Apply gerontologic nursing principles and standards in nursing practice across the continuum of elder care. • Use current evidence and theories in care of older adults. • Conduct a personal interview with an older adult for the purpose of documenting Life Review. Rubric Use this rubric to guide your work on the assignment, “Life Review Analysis.” The completed Life Review Interview will be analyzed, tying together what the student has learned from the literature about the goals and benefits of Life Review as well as evaluating the interviewee's status according to Erikson's final developmental stage, Ego Integrity vs. Despair. Interview Consent Form Accomplished Proficient Needs Imp Submitted on time (5 points) Complete, with signatures (10 points) 0 points Submitted points) Missing inf (0 points) Introduction of Older Adult Confidentiality Older adult's identified with initials only 0 points Older adult (0 points) (2 points) Selection process/criteria, Biography, Significant events, Relationships, Work and home, Summary statements Key information present Sketchy, missing some information Missing cri (7 points) (5 points) (2 points) Organization/quality Well-organized/brief (maximum 1 page) 0 points Lacks conti wordy/long (1 point) Analysis of Life Review goals and Benefits of Life Review (0 points) 4+ benefits 2-3 benefits 0-1 benefi (10 points) (7 points) 0-2 (0-2 po Similarity to Remembering Comparison with 2+ examples (10 points) Comparison with 1 example Compariso (5 points) (3 points) No compar (0 points) Differences from Remembering Contrast with 2+ examples Contrast with 1 example (6 points) (3 points) Contrast w contrast (0 points) Erikson's Developmental Stage Description of Client Theory with 2 specific examples (10 points) Theory with 1 specific example (8 points) Loose conn and client (3 points) Missing de connection (0 points) Ego Integrity Rating (1 – 10) Rating present and plausible Rationale for rating Rationale clear from example 0 points (3 points) Rating miss (0 points) 0 points (3 points) Rationale u missing (0 points) Citations regarding Erikson's Theory 1+ reference in text 0 points Reflections Value and Reason Statement(s) with 1+ reason(s) Statement(s) with no reasons (3 points) (1 point) Most Significant Point of Interview Example(s) with 1+ reason(s) Example(s) with no reasons (3 points) (1 point) (3 points) No referen (0 points) No stateme points) No stateme points) Most Difficult or Anguishing part Example(s) with 1+ reason(s) or statement of none Example(s) with no reason No stateme (1 points) (0 points) No stateme points) (3 points) Impact on Clinical Practice Example(s) with 1+ reason(s) Example(s) with no reason (3 points) (1 points) Personal Legacy Definition, personal legacy Definition OR personal legacy No stateme (2 points) (1 point) (0 points) APA format, 3+ references APA format, 1-2 references (5 points) (3 points) Incorrect A references APA Format List of References (end) (0 points) References in Body of the Text APA format, at least 3 references intext APA format, 1-2 references in-text (3 points) (5 points) Incorrect A references (0 points) Spelling Puncutation and Grammar No errors 1-2 errors More than (5 points) (3 points) (0 points) Scope Within maximum of 6 pages 0 Points Over 6 pag (1 point) -5% of total score if a family member is interviewed without written 0 Points (0 points) 0 Points S.F is a 72-year-old African American Female that lives in Mesquite, Texas with her husband. She was born in Gloster, Mississippi and is the youngest of 3 children. She has lived in Texas for almost 45 years and has raised her family here. S.F is a retired elementary teacher and substitutes on occasion at multiple schools in MISD. During her childhood she grew up in a very small neighborhood in Mississippi in a two-bedroom house. She along with her parents 3 siblings one aunt and 2 of her cousins all lived there together. She grew up very poor often having to share clothes and shoes that were passed down from her older siblings. S.F father took many odd jobs often working on cars of being a handy man while her mother would be a maid for people around the area that needed help. S.F stated she barely saw her 0 Points parents due to them always working and was primarily raised by her older siblings. S.F was the only one of her siblings to attend college. She graduated with a degree in education from University of Southern Mississippi. This was a huge accomplishment for her being that she was the first in the family to attend college. S.F married at the age of 25 and after giving birth to her first child her and her husband decided to move to Texas to better themselves. S.F explained that during her childhood she experienced a lot of racism growing up and even after moving to Texas she dealt with racism in the neighborhood she moved to. She stated she spent most of her life trying to protect her children from this and they were her driving force. S.F states now she lives for her grandchildren and looks forward to seeing them on holidays that they keep her healthy and active. She feels she has lived a great life and is happy to have seen both Dr Martin Luter King and Barack Obama in one lifetime. Overview: Life Review Analysis For this assignment, you will reflect on your interview with the older adult, introduce the individual to the reader, and respond to guiding questions to prepare an analysis paper. DO NOT INTERVIEW A FAMILY MEMBER UNLESS YOU OBTAIN COACH’S WRITTEN APPROVAL PRIOR TO INTERVIEW Your paper should include the following sections: 1. Introduction of Older Adult – This is the overall context of your interview but should not include the entire interview itself. 2. Analysis of the Life Review Interview – This includes description of the goals and benefits of life review, your differentiation between a Life Review and ordinary remembering and your analysis of the degree of ego integrity reached by the older adult. 3. Student’s Reflections – This describes your personal experience during the process, any impact it will have on your clinical practice, and a projection of your own legacy. 4. References – This is a list of resources you used during your interview and analysis recorded in APA format. Use at least 3 in-text citations of your sources. Use APA format throughout paper and references as appropriate. The paper should be no longer than 6 pages (not counting Pages 1-3 of this document and your page of references). If you have questions, please discuss them with your Academic Coach. You must also scan, upload, and submit your Interview Consent Form in the appropriate assignment portal. This form counts toward up to 15 points of your Life Review Analysis score. Details about each section are given later in this document. Performance Objectives: • Apply gerontologic nursing principles and standards in nursing practice across the continuum of elder care. • Use current evidence and theories in care of older adults. • Conduct a personal interview with an older adult for the purpose of documenting Life Review. Rubric Use this rubric to guide your work on the assignment, “Life Review Analysis.” The completed Life Review Interview will be analyzed, tying together what the student has learned from the literature about the goals and benefits of Life Review as well as evaluating the interviewee's status according to Erikson's final developmental stage, Ego Integrity vs. Despair. Interview Consent Form Accomplished Proficient Needs Imp Submitted on time (5 points) Complete, with signatures (10 points) 0 points Submitted points) Missing inf (0 points) Introduction of Older Adult Confidentiality Older adult's identified with initials only 0 points Older adult (0 points) (2 points) Selection process/criteria, Biography, Significant events, Relationships, Work and home, Summary statements Key information present Sketchy, missing some information Missing cri (7 points) (5 points) (2 points) Organization/quality Well-organized/brief (maximum 1 page) 0 points Lacks conti wordy/long (1 point) Analysis of Life Review goals and Benefits of Life Review (0 points) 4+ benefits 2-3 benefits 0-1 benefi (10 points) (7 points) 0-2 (0-2 po Similarity to Remembering Comparison with 2+ examples (10 points) Comparison with 1 example Compariso (5 points) (3 points) No compar (0 points) Differences from Remembering Contrast with 2+ examples Contrast with 1 example (6 points) (3 points) Contrast w contrast (0 points) Erikson's Developmental Stage Description of Client Theory with 2 specific examples (10 points) Theory with 1 specific example (8 points) Loose conn and client (3 points) Missing de connection (0 points) Ego Integrity Rating (1 – 10) Rating present and plausible Rationale for rating Rationale clear from example 0 points (3 points) Rating miss (0 points) 0 points (3 points) Rationale u missing (0 points) Citations regarding Erikson's Theory 1+ reference in text 0 points Reflections Value and Reason Statement(s) with 1+ reason(s) Statement(s) with no reasons (3 points) (1 point) Most Significant Point of Interview Example(s) with 1+ reason(s) Example(s) with no reasons (3 points) (1 point) (3 points) No referen (0 points) No stateme points) No stateme points) Most Difficult or Anguishing part Example(s) with 1+ reason(s) or statement of none Example(s) with no reason No stateme (1 points) (0 points) No stateme points) (3 points) Impact on Clinical Practice Example(s) with 1+ reason(s) Example(s) with no reason (3 points) (1 points) Personal Legacy Definition, personal legacy Definition OR personal legacy No stateme (2 points) (1 point) (0 points) APA format, 3+ references APA format, 1-2 references (5 points) (3 points) Incorrect A references APA Format List of References (end) (0 points) References in Body of the Text APA format, at least 3 references intext APA format, 1-2 references in-text (3 points) (5 points) Incorrect A references (0 points) Spelling Puncutation and Grammar No errors 1-2 errors More than (5 points) (3 points) (0 points) Scope Within maximum of 6 pages 0 Points Over 6 pag (1 point) -5% of total score if a family member is interviewed without written 0 Points (0 points) 0 Points S.F is a 72-year-old African American Female that lives in Mesquite, Texas with her husband. She was born in Gloster, Mississippi and is the youngest of 3 children. She has lived in Texas for almost 45 years and has raised her family here. S.F is a retired elementary teacher and substitutes on occasion at multiple schools in MISD. During her childhood she grew up in a very small neighborhood in Mississippi in a two-bedroom house. She along with her parents 3 siblings one aunt and 2 of her cousins all lived there together. She grew up very poor often having to share clothes and shoes that were passed down from her older siblings. S.F father took many odd jobs often working on cars of being a handy man while her mother would be a maid for people around the area that needed help. S.F stated she barely saw her 0 Points parents due to them always working and was primarily raised by her older siblings. S.F was the only one of her siblings to attend college. She graduated with a degree in education from University of Southern Mississippi. This was a huge accomplishment for her being that she was the first in the family to attend college. S.F married at the age of 25 and after giving birth to her first child her and her husband decided to move to Texas to better themselves. S.F explained that during her childhood she experienced a lot of racism growing up and even after moving to Texas she dealt with racism in the neighborhood she moved to. She stated she spent most of her life trying to protect her children from this and they were her driving force. S.F states now she lives for her grandchildren and looks forward to seeing them on holidays that they keep her healthy and active. She feels she has lived a great life and is happy to have seen both Dr Martin Luter King and Barack Obama in one lifetime. B. Introduction of Older Adult Do not submit the entire interview. A.H. is an 84-year-old white female living alone in Richmond, Texas. She was born in Houston, Texas, the oldest of three children. During her childhood, she helped raise her two younger siblings because both her parents had full-time jobs. At the time, it was rare for women, especially mothers, to work full-time. However, financial struggles left her mother no other choice, which is what lead A.H. to spend the majority of her childhood by caring for her siblings. A.H. attended high school for one year and at the age of 15, A.H. decided to get married and replace her studies with a carreer instead. By the age of 22 she had bought her first car and given birth to 3 children. She recalled this time period as the happiest and most satisfying point in her life, although it was also the poorest time. Today, she identifies her children as the most important factor in her life. Looking back, her only regret is that she did not finish high school, but as a whole she feels as if she has lived a fullfilled life. A.H. explained that while the number one thing that she looks forward to every day is getting to see her husband again in Heaven, she knows that God has kept her here on earth for a specific purpose. However, she continued to say that she is ready to leave this earth whenever God is ready to take her. C. Analysis of the Life Review Interview A Life Review is similar to ordinary remembering in the way that it allows the participant the opportunity to reminisce on past experiences. Throughout my entire interview with A.H., she was required to think back on past experiences in order to answer my questions. Another similarity between the two is their effect on the participant. “Studies have shown that elder communities see remarkable results when reminiscence and life review is encouraged” (Webster, 2005). This was evident throughout my interview with A.H. as she became nostalgic while reflecting on her memories and experiences. A Life Review is also different than ordinary remembering in many ways. Ordinary remembering is described as the simple recall of memories, whereas a Life Review uses ordinary remembering in order to evaluate how those previous memories impact an individual’s overall understanding of life. For example, when interviewing A.H. ordinary remembering occurred as I asked questions that were based on facts like “how many siblings do you have?”. Although she has been estranged from her siblings for over 50 years, A.H. was able to recall the number of siblings and provide a simple straight-forward answer. On the other hand with Life Review questions, such as when I asked her to identify the most important factor in her life, A.H. was required take her recollections a step further and examine how her memories impacted her life. Lewis and Butler (1974), explain that life reviews are often used as a tool for therapists. This is another element that differs from ordinary thinking. Life Reviews are typically focused around a particular topic or theme in order to obtain a desired outcome, and ordinary thinking is spontaneous and can be done at any time, regarding any topic. My interview with A.H. proves to be a Life Review, as the questions were structured around topic of life experiences and meanings. A major benefit of a life review is that it increases the participant’s overall satisfaction with life. Other benefits include a decrease in disorientation and reduction in depression. “Many researchers have examined life review and reminiscence in various contexts, and studies have indicated that these processes can both decrease depression and obsessive reminiscence, and increase self-esteem, quality of life, and a sense of well-being” (Romaniuk, 1983). Lastly, Life Reviews allow older adults the opportunity to pass down their stories to the next generation. Beth Saunders explains that “Elders’ stories become like gold—especially as one ages and experiences loss. When older adults finally are given an opportunity to have someone really listen and help record their stories and wisdom, they feel a new sense of peace and happiness. What a gift” (Webster, 2005). According to Erikson, wisdom is acquired as a result of successful completion of the ego identity vs. despair stage. Someone who possesses wisdom looks back on their life and feels proud of their achievements with little regrets of the past (Boyd, 2016). After interviewing A.H., I would say that on a scale of 0 to 10 of Erikson’s ego integrity, she has reached a 9 out of 10. A.H. is definitely content with the way she has lived her life and she even expressed that she was not afraid of death. In fact, she talked about how ready she was to be taken to heaven, but if it is not God’s plan yet then she still has purpose on this earth. I would not rate A.H. as a 10/10 because she did express some kind of regret in life about not finishing school. However, I feel as if she has found peace about this regret and that it is not a regret that produces internal confliction, rather A.H. just wishes in retrospect that she had been given the luxury to finish school. D. Student’s Reflections This interview experience was a very enlightening experience for me. This conversation with A.H. has really opened my eyes and made me realize that life is too short. Dwelling on the minute, meaningless things in life is a waste of the small amount of time we have on this earth. Before we know it, we are going to be the ones looking back at our lives and reflecting on our past experiences. And I do not intend to be one of the individuals who is filled with regret when reflecting upon my own life. The most significant point of the interview to me, was when she was talking about her life in her 20’s and what it was like raising her 3 children back then. She talked about how only the extremely wealthy people had bathrooms in their homes or owned cars. Her family had an outhouse in their back yard (which was a luxury) and she was required to walk everywhere she went, which was extremely difficult to do with 3 children. She talked about how her husband was a police officer and the local bakery would give the police officers the left-over loaves of bread at the end of each week. In fact, these loaves were what constituted for the majority of their meals since money was scarce. And yet, A.H. still attributes this time in her life as the happiest. This weighed heavy on my heart because it reminded me that monetary things are not correlated with happiness. Also, I felt so grateful for the things I had growing up. The most difficult part for me was when I asked her about what she looks forward to today. She told me that every single day she prays and asks God to take her to heaven whenever he is ready because she is completely ready. She explained to me that she misses her husband who passed away from cancer and all that she looks forward to is seeing his face again. A.H. began crying when talking about this and it shattered my heart to watch. I would say that the way I currently approach the geriatric population in the hospital is exceptional. Thus, I will probably make only a few changes to my methods. I will certainly be more empathetic towards the older adults in my clinical practice after this experience and take more time out of my day to just sit and talk to them. Most older adults are so lonely and just a simple conversation with them can make their entire day. Legacy is more than just a monetary inheritance. It includes ideas, stories, and ideologies about life that can be passed down to another person. All of these things can affect someone else’s life, outlook, attitude, etc. and by being a part of this, you are leaving a legacy behind. I would like to leave behind wisdom. I want to be able to use my current and past experiences to help other people who are in need of guidance. References: Boyd, M. A. (2016). Essentials of Psychiatric Nursing Text Prepu. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Erikson, E.H. (1982). The Life Cycle Completed. Norton, New York/London. Lewis, M., & Butler, R. (1974). Life-review therapy: Putting memories to work in individual and group psychotherapy. Geriatrics, 29, 165-173. Romaniuk, M., & Romaniuk, J. (1983). Life events and reminiscence: A comparison of the memories of young and old adults. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 2, 125-136. Webster, Jeffrey & Haight, Barbara. Critical Advances in Reminiscence Work. Springer Publishing. (2002) Weil, Andrew. Healthy Aging. (2005)
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