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College of Health Sciences Department of Public Health PHC 241 Fall 2021 Paper assignment rubric Thinking Content Presentation Criteria Proficiency 2 Some Proficiency 1.75 Limited Proficiency 1.50 No Proficiency 1 The purpose and focus are clear and consistent Punctuation, grammar, spelling, and mechanics are appropriate Information and evidence are accurate, appropriate, and integrated effectively Analysis/synthesis/evaluation/interpretation are effective and consistent Connections between and among ideas are made Total /5 Updated 14/9/2023
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Risk Factors Associated with Road Crashes and Injury Severity in the Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia
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Risk Factors Associated with Road Crashes and Injury Severity in the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia
The magnitude of Road Accidents in Saudi Arabia
Road traffic accidents (RTAs) remain a significant public health challenge in Saudi
Arabia. The country has one of the highest road accident rates in the world, with thousands of
fatalities and injuries recorded annually. According to reports, RTAs account for approximately
4.7% of total deaths in Saudi Arabia, making it one of the leading causes of mortality,
particularly among young males. The high accident rate also heavily burdens the healthcare
system and the economy due to medical costs and loss of productivity (Rahman et al., 2022).
Key Causes and Contributory Factors of Road Crashes
Several factors contribute to the high number of road crashes in Saudi Arabia. These
include human behaviors, environmental conditions, and road infrastructure issues.
Many drivers in Saudi Arabia exceed speed limits, increasing the risk of fatal crashes.
Reckless behaviors such as aggressive driving, sudden lane changes, and tailgating further
contribute to accidents. The use of mobile phones while driving is a significant cause of
accidents. Many drivers text or call, significantly reducing their reaction time and increasing
crash risks. Many accidents occur due to violations of basic traffic rules, such as running red
lights, not wearing seat belts, and failing to yield the right of way (Alslamah, et al., 2023)).
Long-distance driving, particularly among truck drivers and late-night commuters,
increases the likelihood of fatigue-related crashes. Sleep deprivation impairs concentration and
reaction time. While Saudi Arabia has invested heavily in modern highways, some areas still
have poor road conditions, inadequate signage, and insufficient street lighting, contributing to
accidents. Sandstorms, fog, and heavy rain reduce visibility and create hazardous driving
conditions, leading to increased crashes.

Interventions to Reduce Road Accidents
To mitigate the impact of road accidents, Saudi Arabia has implemented several
interventions to improve road safety and reduce injury severity. The Saher System, an automated
traffic monitoring system, has been instrumental in reducing speeding and red-light violations.
Increased police patrols and stricter penalties have also improved compliance.
Government-led campaigns focus on educating drivers about the dangers of speeding,
distracted driving, and reckless behaviors. Schools and workplaces also conduct traffic safety
programs. Saudi authorities continue to invest in building safer roads, improving signage, and
expanding innovative traffic management systems to prevent accidents.
Regulations now require all passengers to wear seat belts, and child safety seats are
mandatory for young children, significantly reducing injury severity. Establishing specialized
trauma centers and rapid-response emergency services has improved medical care for accident
victims, increasing survival rates.
Through these combined efforts, Saudi Arabia aims to reduce road traffic injuries and
fatalities, ensuring safer roads for all citizens and visitors.

References
Rahman, M. M., Islam, M. K., Al-Sha...

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