Mitral valve prolapse powerpoint presentations

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Health Medical

ST Thomas University

Description

Goal: Develop a PowerPoint presentation on a cardiovascular/pulmonary disorder/disease discussed in the McCance text.

The presentation must provide information about the incidence, prevalence, and pathophysiology of the disease/disorder to the cellular level. The presentation must educate advanced practice nurses on assessment and care/treatment, including genetics/genomics—specific for this disorder. Patient education for management, cultural, and spiritual considerations for care must also be addressed. The presentation must specifically address how the disease/disorder affects 1 of the following age groups: infant/child, adult, or elderly.

Format Requirements:

  • Presentation is original work and logically organized.
  • Followed APA format including citation of references.
  • Power point presentation with 10-15 slides were clear and easy to read. Speaker notes expanded upon and clarified content on the slides.
  • Incorporate a minimum of 4 current (published within last five years) scholarly journal articles or primary legal sources (statutes, court opinions) within your work. Journal articles and books should be referenced according to APA style (the library has a copy of the APA Manual).

Content Requirements:

  • Select a cardiovascular or pulmonary disorder.
  • Provide information about the incidence, prevalence, and pathophysiology of the disease/disorder to the cellular level.
  • Educate advanced practice nurses on assessment and care/treatment, including genetics/genomics—specific for this disorder.
  • Provide patient education for management, cultural, and spiritual considerations for care must also be addressed.
  • Must specifically address how the disease/disorder affects 1 of the following age groups: infant/child, adult, or elderly.

User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following Studypool's honor code & terms of service.

Explanation & Answer

Attached.

●Mitral Valve Prolapse: A
Clinical Perspective for
Advanced Practice Nurses

Outline
• introduction
• incidence and prevalence
• Pathophysiology
• Genetics and Genomics
consideration
• clinical presentation
• diagnostic approach
• management

• Patient education startegy

Introduction to MVP & Importance for APNs
●MVP is a common valvular heart disorder, often asymptomatic.
●Essential for APNs to recognize, assess, and manage MVP effectively.
●Focus on incidence, prevalence, pathophysiology, genetics, patient
education, and care.
●This presentation highlights MVP in adults, including cultural and
spiritual considerations.

Incidence & Prevalence of MVP
●Global Prevalence: ~2-3% of the general population.
●More common in women but affects both genders.
●Diagnosed in young to middle-aged adults (20-40 years old).
●Increased prevalence in those with connective tissue disorders
(Marfan, Ehlers-Danlos).
●Higher incidence in Western countries due to advanced
echocardiographic screening.

Pathophysiology of MVP (Cellular Level)
• ●MVP results from abnormalities in the mitral valve's connective
tissue.
• ●Myxomatous degeneration: Excessive proteoglycan deposition
weakens valve leaflets.
• ●Collagen disorganization: Leads to elongated, floppy valve leaflets.
• ●Fibroblast & endothelial dysfunction: Contribute to prolapse and
regurgitation.
• ●Chronic stress on the chordae tendineae may cause rupture,
worsening regurgitation.

Genetic & Genomic Considerations
• ●MVP has a hereditary component, often autosomal dominant
inheritance.
• ●Linked to mutations in DCHS1, FLNA, and FBN1 genes.
• ●Commonly associated with Marfan syndrome & Ehlers-Danlos
syndrome.
• ●Genomic screening may identify at-risk family members.
• ●Future research on gene therapy to correct extracellular matrix
abnormalities.

Clinical Presentation & Symptoms in Adults
●Asymptomatic in ~60% of cases.
●Common symptoms:
○Palpitations, arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation, PVCs).
○Fatigue, dizziness, syncope (due to autonomic dysfunction).
○Atypical chest pain (not related to coronary artery disease).
○Dyspnea (shortness of breath) due to mitral regurgitation.
●MVP patients may also experience anxiety, panic attacks, and
autonomic dysfunction.

Diagnostic Approach for APNs
●Auscultation:
○Mid-systolic click ± late systolic murmur (best heard at the apex).
●Echocardiogram (ECHO):
○Confirms leaflet prolapse ≥2 mm above the mitral annulus.
●Electrocardiogram (ECG):
○May reveal arrhythmias (e.g., PVCs, atrial fibrillation).
●Holter Monitor:
○Evaluates intermittent palpitations.
●Cardiac MRI:
○Used in severe cases to assess mitral annular disjunction.

Management & Treatment Strategies
●Mild MVP (no regurgitation):
○Lifestyle modifications (reduce caffeine, manage stress).
○Beta-blockers for palpitations.
●Moderate MVP (mild regurgitation):
○Regular follow-ups, yearly echocardiograms.
○Antiarrhythmic drugs if needed.
●Severe MVP (mitral regurgitation present):
○Surgical intervention: Mitral valve repair preferred over replacement.
○Anticoagulation therapy if atrial fibrillation develops.

Patient Education for MVP Management
●Encourage routine cardiac follow-ups (every 1-2 years).
●Teach symptom recognition (palpitations, dizziness, breathlessness).
●Exercise guidance: Avoid extreme sports in severe cases.
●Medications adherence: Beta-blockers, anticoagulants if prescribed.
●Discuss endocarditis prevention: Good dental hygiene, prophylactic
antibiotics (if indicated).

Cultural Considerations in MVP Care
●Hispanic & African American populations:
○May have limited healthcare access, increasing undiagnosed cases.
●Asian populations:
○Often underreport symptoms due to cultural norms.
●Dietary variations:
○Mediterranean & Asian diets may provide cardioprotective benefits.
●Holistic approaches:
○Some cultures prefer herbal remedies, which should be evaluated for
interactions.

Spiritual Considerations in MVP Care
●Patie...

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