This is not a research paper; you may not conduct outside research. Consult your own lecture notes and discussion notes, in addition to the class readings and Spotify playlists at <nickrubin>Include in-text citations for facts and ideas you borrow from readings, lectures and discussions. Include author and page number for readings, instructor and date for lectures and discussions. (There is no need to provide a full bibliographical record, because you will only be using material from class.)Your two responses should be 1100-1200 words each. Finals totaling an excess of 2500 words will be penalized. Please double-space, and use 12-point font with standard margins.Your responses will be assessed according to the clarity of your argument, your use of supporting evidence, and your use of rich musical description where apt. The best answers will pull on all the course material to support a compelling and original argument. Please make sure your responses do not significantly overlap.Choose and respond to TWO of the following three prompts.1. INDUSTRY: Since its inception in the late 19th century, the popular music industry has undergone myriad changes in response to technological, demographic, legal, economic, and artistic trends. Choose two or three critical moments of change within the music business – assess the causes as well as the strategic responses and outcomes, and evaluate the effects on various corners of popular music culture.2. TECHNOLOGY: Popular music – as an artistic endeavor, a business, and a form of entertainment – depends on technology for its production, distribution, and consumption. Choose two or three technological innovations that have changed the creative practices and cultural impact of popular music. Assess these changes in the historical context, and evaluate the effects of these changes on various corners of popular music culture. 3. AUTHENTICITY: During our historical examination of popular music culture this semester, we have witnessed many explicit and implicit claims to (or denials of) authenticity. Chose two or three examples of music we have encountered that have been deemed authentic or inauthentic. Assess the arguments for such claims; the meaning of such claims in the historical context; and the social, cultural, industrial, and/or artistic effects of such claims.

Select any example of a visualization or infographic, maybe your own work or that of others. The task is to undertake a deep, detailed ‘forensic’ like assessment of the design choices made across each of the five layers of the chosen visualization’s anatomy. In each case your assessment is only concerned with one design layer at a time.For this task, take a close look at the annotation choices:Start by identifying all the annotation features deployed, listing them under the headers of either project or chart annotationHow suitable are the choices and deployment of these annotation features? If they are not, what do you think they should have been?Go through the set of ‘Influencing factors’ from the latter section of the book’s chapter to help shape your assessment and to possibly inform how you might tackle this design layer differentlyAlso, considering the range of potential annotation features, what would you do differently or additionally?Submit a two-page document answering all of the questions above. Be sure to show the visualization first and then thoroughly answer the above questions. Ensure that there are at least two-peer reviewed sources utilized this week to support your work.

You have 6 parts. Parts 1-5 correspond to the Born in Blood and Fire text, while part 6 focuses on the Prisoner Without a Name, Cell Without a Number book.undefinedFor parts 1-5, choose one of 3 essay questions. You must use the Born in Blood and Fire and Prisoner Without a Name, Cell Without a Number books to answers those Question. undefinedDo not use outside sources to Answer.undefined undefined|Part 1 (chapters 1-2): choose one of the following 3 questions and write a detail.undefinedProvide a description of the history of the United States’ understanding of Latin America in the past century. What were some of the assumptions by American historians and social scientists about Latin America? How have those assumptions changed, or have they largely stayed the same? Briefly compare the differences between the non-sedentary, semisedentary, and fully sedentary groups that inhabited the Americas before the Encounter? How would you describe their relationship to the land? How did it vary from group to group?Who was Bartolomé de las Casas? Why was he important to the indigenous people? How did the Spanish Crown react to his ideas?undefined----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------undefinedPart 2 (chapters 3-4): choose one of the following 3 questions and write a detailed.undefined1. Compare the differences between the cities and the urban areas in Latin America during the colonial period. undefined2. Who was Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz? What did her life represent? How did Spanish colonial officials react to her ideas?undefined 3. Discuss the role that women played during the wars of independence. Provide a few examples to illustrate your point.undefined----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------undefinedPart 3 (chapters 5-6): choose one of the following 3 questions and write a detailed. undefined1. Who was the caudillo, and what ideas did he represent? Provide an example of a well-known caudillo and describe some of his tactics and policies.undefined 2. Briefly narrate Brazil’s post-independence experience after 1822 through the 1840s. undefined3. What did “Progress” mean for most Latin American women? Were there any exceptions? Provide at least one example of the life an exceptional woman and list some of her achievements.undefined----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------undefinedPart 4 (chapters 7-8): choose one of the following 3 questions and write a undefined1. What was the “export boom” and what did it mean for the people of Latin America? undefined2. Who was Porfirio Díaz? Describe his ruling style. Who were some of his allies? Who were his opponents? How did the United States support his regime? Be sure to include the following terms in your discussion: rurales, hacendados, pan o el palo, científicos. undefined3. Who were Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo? How did they represent the peasants and indigenous people who fought in the Mexican Revolution? Be sure to include in your discussion a commentary on revolutionary ideals in Rivera’s Detroit Industry mural.undefined----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------undefinedPart 5 (chapters 9-11): choose one of the following 3 questions and write a detailed. undefined1. What is populism? Provide at least two examples that demonstrate how populism functioned in Latin America. undefined2. What was the Liberation Theology movement? Which of their beliefs were similar to those of the Marxists and which were different? undefined3. Describe the relationship that the United States maintained with Latin American armed forces during the Cold War. Which nations did the United States appear to have the closest relationships? Who were some of the leaders of these military regimes? What were some of the tactics used by the militaries against their opponents?undefined---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- undefinedPart 6 (Timerman book): compose a reflection essay in and consider. Any of the following questions in your response:undefined1-How is it possible that a nation with democratic institutions like Argentina could plunge into a totalitarian predicament described by Jacobo Timerman in Prisoner Without a Name, Cell Without a Number? undefined2-Do you agree with the Argentine military's assessment that they are justified in governing the nation instead of civilian politicians?undefined3- How would you react if comparable measures were employed in the United States against its citizens? undefined4-What lessons can other nations, including the United States, learn from this episode in Latin American history and politics?