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Description

Modernity Topic: Racism

  • You must discover how that topic has impacted/influenced modernity
  • You must be able to explain “What is Modernity”

Format:

  • For either format you must include a Works Cited page at the end with properly formatted (Turabian Style) sources.
  • You must also cite your sources (parenthetical citation) throughout the project in Turabian Style.
  • Scholarly articles are required, JStor highly recommended.
  • All projects must be typed, proofread and edited for grammar and spelling.
  • The final product should be professional.
  • Include a cover page with name, date, title, class info
  • Thesis statement must be clearly laid out – thesis should explain how your topic has shaped modernity.
  • Word Document: double spaced, font size 12, at least 7 pages.

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Explanation & Answer

Attached.

Racism –Outline
I.

Definitions
a. Racism
b. Modernity
1. Characteristics
2. Examples
c. Social Darwinism
d. Eugenics
e. White Man’s Burden
f. Scientific Racism

II.

Historical Background /Context
a. The beginning of racism
b. Different instances of racism in different countries
c. History of slavery and racism
d. Supporters and critics of racism

III.

ISM In action – Case Study/Historical Example
a. Slavery as the instigator of racism in America
b. When it was put to actions
c. Those who put slavery into action
d. How racism worked and failed
e. Impact of racism
f. Status of the nation today

IV.

Racism and Modernity

a. How racism shapes modernity
1. Enhances inequality
2. Injustice in the criminal justice system
b. Examples and status of racism today
V.

Bibliography


RACISM

Name
Class
Date

1
Definition
Racism
Racism is a divisive concept that is based on the various characteristics of different races.
It dictates the superiority or inferiority of one race over the other. This belief makes people
disregard the value of diversity such that they discriminate against each other because they
undermine other ethnicities or races.1 Racial segregation or separatism is a belief that places the
different races apart from each other. Consequently, a person from one race despises another
from a different race and may treat him or her inhumanly according to distinct customs, skin
color, birthplace, and language among other naturally defining characteristics.2 The distinct
groups of humans are depicted by unique innate capacities and social behavior. Scholars mostly
regard racism as institutional racism as it was seen in the segregation and slavery in America, the
Holocaust in Germany, and the apartheid rule in South Africa. It established the grounds of
colonialism. Although there are various aspects of racism and justification attempts of the
perpetrators in history, the United Nation Convention dismisses it as a belief that is detrimental
to the society because it is socially unjust and morally condemnable.3
Modernity
It is the state of newness or current culture. The changes in a generation's
socioeconomics, governance, and technical innovation translate to modernity. The latter,

1

Berg, Manfred and Wendt, Simon. eds. Racism in the Modern World: Historical Perspectives on Cultural Transfer
and Adaptation. Berghahn Books, 2011.

2

Ibid, 25.

3

Ibid, 29.

2
therefore, makes the previous status or occurrences appear obsolete as new advancements on
knowledge, leadership, and lifestyle redefine the society continuously. The modernity era began
in the 17th century and it spread to the 20th century (1650-1990) as it was characterized by
different social changes and improvements. Over the centuries, different parts of the world
experienced rapid urbanization, political, economic and technological developments as well as
the scientific rationalization of different aspects of life. Other characteristics of modernity
include industrialization, mass literacy, rise of democracy, capitalism, mechanization, and mass
media proliferation. Modernity gives the impression of convenience and efficiency. For example,
farmers moved from handling their crops in the farms to processing them in the factories. Also,
with industrialization, people began to move from rural to urban areas to access amenities and
jobs, and monarchs were transformed into republics. According to historical accounts of the
West, the end of World War II, global expansion, and colonial invasion between the 18th and
19th centuries signified the modern and postmodern era.4
Social Darwinism
Social Darwinism is a theory aligned with Charles Darwin’s school of thought where he
claims that the laws of natural selection explain the evolution and adaptation of animals and
plants. Therefore, according to Social Darwinism, the same laws also explain the adaptation and
survival of human races and groups.5 Strong human races and groups experienced growth in

4

Forbes, Robert, P. “Grating the Nutmeg: Slavery and Racism in Connecticut from the Colonial Era to the Civil
War.” Connecticut History Review, 52, no. 2 (2013): 170-201.

5

Schlie, Jenny. Social Darwinism. Slideshare, June 17, 2010. https://www.slideshare.net/RCSDIT/social-darwinism

3
cultural influence and power in the society while the weak races and groups were faced off as
their cultures were diminished. It is based on the phrase “survival for the fittest.”

6

Eugenics
Advanced by Social Darwinism, eugenics was a scientific concept by Francis Galton in
1883 that was developed to improve future human generations by selecting the preferred human
characteristics that were heritable.7 The idea was enhance the continuity and strength of the more
suitable races as the less suitable ones diminished. Eugenics had the support of most political and
scientific leaders by the start of World War I but its failure began in the 1930s with heavy
criticism challenged the eugenicists’ concepts when there were instances of extremism.8 For
example when the Nazis engaged in the massacre of entire races based on the eugenics concept.

6

Schlie, Jenny. Social Darwinism. Slideshare, June 17, 2010. https://www.slideshare.net/RCSDIT/social-darwinism

7

Jones, Jason and Zmirak, John. The Ugly History of ‘Scientific’ Racism: What's Wrong with Racism, Part I. The
Stream, Aug 17, 2017 https://stream.org/the-ugly-history-of-scientific-racism/

8

Ibid.

4

9

White Man’s Burden
The term was an imperialist thought as portrayed in Rudyard Kipling 1899 poem in
which he intends to lure America into his way of thinking that shows the need to civilize the nonwhite indigenous individuals within the European and American colonial territories.10 Kipling
expresses this action as the duty of white colonizers and that is why he terms it as the “White
Man’s Burden.” The Europeans wanted the Americans to join them in the imperial global
conquest to enlighten what they believed were backward countries.

9

Jones, Jason and Zmirak, John. The Ugly History of ‘Scientific’ Racism: What's Wrong with Racism, Part I. The
Stream, Aug 17, 2017 https://stream.org/the-ugly-history-of-scientific-racism/

10

The Judge. New York, N.Y.: [Judge Pub. Co.], 1881. .

5

11

Scientific Racism
Scientific racism is a common belief in the 17th century that racial discrimination or
racism can be justified by existing empirical evidence.12 The historical scientific community
believed that scientific racism was credible until criticisms on the same began towards the end of
the 20th century. Scientific racism used the mechanics of anthropology to classify human
populations and races according to inferiority and superiority.

11

The Judge. New York, N.Y.: [Judge Pub. Co.], 1881. .

12

The Amplifier Foundation. “Scientific Racism: Issues on Race and Crime in the United States.” Wordpress, Aug
9, 2016, https://raceandcriminology.wordpress.com/

6

13

Historical Background/Context
Various historical events collectively instigated the beginning and spread of racism. Even
before the 18th century, some people believed that they were superior to others because of the
different characteristics that set them apart, and they began a culture of intimidation and warfare.
For centuries, the superiority complex affected humanity and resulted in deeply rooted hatred
among races that culminated in racism.14 The materialization of racism dates back to the time the
Westerners practiced slavery as they took Africans forcefully to work for free in plantations so
that the Westerners could gain economic advantage. The beginning of the 18th century marked
the influx of slave trade as the British championed the trend to satisfy the great demand for sugar
in their country. Britain transported multitudes of slaves from Asian and African colonies to the

13

The Amplifier Foundation. “Scientific Racism: Issues on Race and Crime in the United States.” Wordpress, Aug
9, 2016, https://raceandcriminology.wordpress.com/

14

Forbes, Robert, P. “Grating the Nutmeg: Slavery and Racism in Connecticut from the Colonial Era to the Civil
War.” Connecticut History Review, 52, no. 2 (2013): 170-201.

7
plantations in America, the Caribbean, and Europe.15 Commodities such as gunpowder, sugar,
rum, spices, and textiles were traded in Africa colonies for the slaves under a trading system
termed as the triangular trade. The slaves experienced the worst conditions during the
transportations with some dying in the journey after constant beatings and mutilations. The
survivors were also subjected to poor working conditions in the various plantations where others
also died in the process. Most attempted rebellion and escape techniques which...


Anonymous
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