In this module, you will explore the concept of attachment style as it occurs in early life-span development.For your initial post, review Infants and Toddlers in Foster Care and answer the following questions. Consider aspects of your own experience and knowledge in formulating your response.What aspects of research in attachment are important to consider in foster care placements or systems?What are some of the everyday situations in early life-span development that influence attachment style?In what way is attachment a bidirectional process?How do the lives of children with disorganized attachment look different from children with healthier attachments?How does attachment style early in life influence our attachments later on in adulthood?How does the concept of attachment style apply to any of the following programmatic themes? You may want to review the Programmatic Themes document.Self-careSocial justiceEmotional intelligenceCareer connectionsEthics

QUESTION 1A consensus of procedures in the career counseling models includes:a.Assessment only.b.Diagnosis and decision-making only.c.Information gathering, assessment, diagnosis, intervention strategies, and decision-making.d.Information gathering only.3 points QUESTION 2According to the American Psychological Association standards for educational and psychological testing, validity refers to:a.Coefficients of correlation that remain high for long intervals.b.The meaningfulness and usefulness of certain inferences based on a test score derived from a test in question.c.The stability of the human trait.d.Constructs developed from theory and research.3 points QUESTION 3An effective counselor maintains that:a.Society is culturally homogenous.b.A client fits into a stereotypical role.c.It is not necessary to consider the background of the client.d.Each client is a unique individual.2 points QUESTION 4Assessment has an important role for which of the following?a.Information gathering and accurate client self-assessment.b.Problem identification and interventions.c.Outcome evaluations.d.All of the above.3 points QUESTION 5Contextual assessment areas include:a.Ethnocultural heritage, racial and ethnocultural identities, gender and sexual orientation, and socioeconomic status.b.Family of origin and multigenerational history, family scripts, individual and family life-cycle development and stages, client's languages, and those spoken by family of origin.c.It is not necessary to look at contextual information for assessments.d.Both a and b.3 points QUESTION 6Eldridge (1987), supported by Barrett and Logan (2002), suggested what strategies for counselors when dealing with GLBT clients?a.Use gender-free language.b.Become familiar with models of GLBT identity formation.c.Identify a consultant who can provide helpful information or feedback from sexual minorities.d.All of the above.3 points QUESTION 7Examples of physical or mental impairments include, but are not limited to, contagious and noncontagious diseases and conditions such as:a.Orthopedic, visual, speech, and hearing impairments.b.Cerebral palsy, epilepsy, muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, cancer, heart disease, diabetes, HIV disease, and tuberculosis.c.Mental retardation, emotional illness, specific learning disabilities, drug addiction, and alcoholism.d.All of the above.3 points QUESTION 8From a social cognitive perspective, which three key theoretical constructs are considered to be building blocks determining the course of career development and its outcome?a.Self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and personal goals.b.Self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and other people's views of the client's goals.c.Outcome expectations, personal goals, and fixed traits.d.Personal goals, self-efficacy, and interest development.2 points QUESTION 9How are goals for children with disabilities conceptualized?a.Via an Individualized Education Program (IEP) written for each child by the beginning of the school year.b.Via a Collective Education Program (CEP) written for all children with disabilities.c.Via a Special Program (SP) written for each child.d.Via an Individualized Special Program (ISP) written for each child during the year.2 points QUESTION 10In addition to being aware of the issues surrounding the development of self-concept in career development, what else must the counselor be alert to when counseling LGBT-oriented youth?a.High achievement.b.There are generally no additional issues.c.Special problems brought about by sexual minority status during adolescence.d.Low risk for substance abuse.3 points QUESTION 11In the Decision Skills Domain, the five stages referred to as the CASVE Cycle include:a.Communication, aptitude, synthesis, values, and executive.b.Communication, analysis, synthesis, valuing, and execution.c.Cognitive, analysis, synthesis, valuing, and execution.d.Cognitive, application, synthesis, values, and experience.3 points QUESTION 12In the developmental model what should clients focus on?a.The development of other people's expectations.b.The development of all life roles for a balanced lifestyle, with an emphasis on an individual's unique needs.c.The restriction of career alternatives.d.A balanced lifestyle is not a top priority in the developmental model.3 points QUESTION 13In the work environment, acknowledging differences among cultures helps in understanding aspects of employees, such as:a.Attitudes and values.b.Behaviors.c.Personal dynamics.d.All of the above.3 points QUESTION 14Krumboltz and associates stress that each individual's unique learning experiences during the life span develop primary influences that lead to career choice. Which statement is not listed as part of these primary influences?a.Expanding capabilities and interests.b.Generalization of self-derived from experiences and performance in relation to learned standards.c.Sets of developed skills used in coping with the environment.d.Career-entry behavior such as applying for a job or selecting an educational or training institution.3 points QUESTION 15Learning Theory of Career Counseling (LTCC) involves which factors?a.Genetic endowments and special abilities, environmental conditions and events, learning experiences, and task approach skills.b.Genetic endowments and special abilities only.c.Environmental conditions and event experiences only.d.None of the above.3 points QUESTION 16Occupational aspirations are the main theme of which theorist?a.Gottfredson.b.Super.c.Krumboltz.d.Holland.2 points QUESTION 17On what principle was career counseling founded?a.The role of the group.b.Individual differences and strengths.c.Group compatibility.d.Individual likenesses.3 points QUESTION 18One major hurdle for the individual in the choice model concerns:a.Performance influences.b.Future goals.c.Contextual or environmental influences.d.Career-related interests.3 points QUESTION 19Principles that matter within the boundaries of ethical competence include:a.Integrity and professional and social responsibility.b.Respect for individuals' rights and dignity.c.Both a and b.d.None of the above.3 points QUESTION 20Self-assessment procedures for career counseling may include:a.Autobiography.b.Focused questions to uncover specific variables.c.Interest identification.d.All of the above.3 points QUESTION 21The contributions of cognitive science and neuroscience have underscored which factors as being the major forces that drive behavior?a.The interplay of social and entertainment influences.b.The relationship specifically between biological and psychological issues.c.Thought processes.d.The interplay of biological, psychological, and social influences.3 points QUESTION 22The process by which an individual narrows his or her territory when making a decision about space or acceptable alternatives, is referred to as:a.Compromise.b.Circumscription.c.Image of occupations.d.Cognitive maps of occupations.3 points QUESTION 23The trait-and-factor approach of career counseling incorporates:a.An actuarial method of predicting success in an occupation from the client's measured trait characteristics.b.Primarily subjective information.c.The assumption that clients do not have unique traits that can be matched with requirements of occupations.d.A non-actuarial method of predicting success in an occupation from the client's trait characteristics.2 points QUESTION 24Trait-oriented theories are embedded in whose vocational counseling paradigm of matching individual traits with requirements of occupations?a.Super.b.Holland.c.Krumboltz.d.Parsons.3 points QUESTION 25What does Zunker present as the next challenge in the role of career counseling?a.The need to integrate career and personal concerns in the practice of career development.b.The global economy.c.The combination of values and lifestyle preferences.d.Career and travel.3 points QUESTION 26What is meant by gender stereotypes?a.Beliefs that one holds about the characteristics and traits of women and men.b.What one perceives as appropriate roles for women and men, whether they are accurate or not.c.Both a and b.d.None of the above.3 points QUESTION 27What is the meaning of informed consent?a.When a client agrees to engage in counseling without coercion.b.Disclosure by the counselor of important information the client needs in making the decision as to whether she or he is to start counseling.c.Discussion regarding the supervision of the counselor's work with clients.d.When a psychologist answers patients' questions.3 points QUESTION 28What is the most effective mind-set when using a holistic approach to career counseling?a.The counselor needs to view the client from a total person perspective.b.The counselor should focus on career and personal counseling separately.c.The concept of a narrow focus on career choice is preferable.d.It is not necessary to look at the interrelationship between career and personal problems.3 points QUESTION 29What is the name of the theory suggesting chance events during one's life span can have both positive and negative consequences?a.Approach theory.b.Chance approach theory.c.Career chance theory.d.Happenstance approach theory.3 points QUESTION 30What is the purpose of specific skills identification as a self-assessment technique?a.Enables discussion.b.Encourages clients to consider skills developed from a variety of experiences as important factors in career exploration.c.Highlights relaxation techniques.d.Determines interests.3 points QUESTION 31What key components are given in the first step toward establishing rapport and culturally appropriate relationships in the multicultural model of career counseling?a.Identifying barriers.b.Isolating unique cultural variables.c.Goal setting as a collaborative negotiation.d.Trust and collaboration.3 points QUESTION 32What type of test is used primarily to measure specific skills and proficiencies or the ability to acquire certain proficiencies?a.Aptitude test.b.Battery test.c.Proficiency test.d.Skills test.3 points QUESTION 33Which statement is not true of undecided clients?a.An undecided client is generally an uninformed, immature person from a developmental point of view.b.An undecided client generally lacks self-knowledge.c.An undecided client generally lacks information about occupations.d.An undecided client does not have the potential or competency to pursue several different types of careers.3 points QUESTION 34Which theorists have delineated a comprehensive learning theory of career counseling (LTTC)?a.Krumboltz and Super.b.Krumboltz, Mitchell, and Gelatt.c.Mitchell, Gelatt, and Super.d.Only Krumboltz.3 points QUESTION 35Who was considered the leading figure, or "father," of the career counseling movement?a.Parsons.b.Holland.c.Roe.d.Super.