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Laboratory Report Guidelines (if applicable to the lab)

The following contains information intended to assist you in writing a high quality laboratory report. Note the following general rules:

1) Use passive instead of active voice. Avoid the first person (I, we, us, our, etc.) as well as the second person “you”.

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BME303, Fall 2017 Student Instructions Viscoelastic Behavior in Muscle Tissue OVERVIEW Viscoelasticity: Viscoelastic materials exhibit both viscous and elastic characteristics when undergoing deformation. This results in time-dependent behavior, which means that a material's response to deformation or force may change over time. Strain Rate Dependence: Viscoelastic materials respond differently depending on how fast they are stretched. Remember that displacement (or stretch) is related to strain, so the strain rate defines how fast the material is stretched. Therefore, viscoelastic materials are said to be strain rate-dependent. This can be demonstrated easily with silly putty. If you slowly stretch silly putty (slow strain rate), the material seems to stretch forever, is very pliable, and behaves more like a highly viscous fluid. If you quickly stretch the silly putty (fast strain rate), then it breaks immediately without much displacement, seems stiff, and behaves more like a solid with little elasticity. The same material has two very different responses to a force depending on how fast the force was applied! It seems that faster strain rates cause more elastic responses and the material behaves more like a solid (stiffer), whereas slower strain rates cause more fluid-like behavior. This is a common characteristic of viscoelastic materials. Figure 1. Stress-strain diagram of a biological material that was exposed to two different strain rates. Figure 1 shows the difference in response of a biological material when it is stretched fast compared to slow. Both tests produced an initially curved response followed by a linear region, which is a typical stress-strain curve of viscoelastic materials. The fast strain rate produced a smaller curved region, in which the A. Singh, 2017 Page 1 BME303, Fall 2017 radius of curvature is small. The slow strain rate produced a very large curved region with a large radius of curvature. The linear region of the fast strain rate has a larger slope than the slow strain rate. This graph supports qualitative observations of silly putty. The curved region represents the viscous response of the material; a larger curved region suggests a more viscous response. The linear region represents the elastic response of the material; a larger slope represents a stiffer material. LAB DETAILS You will work more independently for this lab. I am assigning you a role of Research Assistant for this lab. You have been hired in my lab and one of your first projects is to test viscoelastic properties of biological tissue (in this casechicken muscle). Lab Summary: 1. You will harvest chicken muscle of known lengths and will then subject them to tension at various strain rates until failure. 2. Strain rates used: 50 and 500 mm/min. You will test 3 samples in each group of rates. 3. Deliverable: Submit a manuscript including statistical analysis Hints for writing a good manuscript: 1) Do literature search to review articles that study viscoelastic behavior and make this study relevant by indicating the significance of testing the muscle tissue at various rates. Why do you want to do these tests? What is the relevance of having the data reported? These are a few questions you want answered in your Introduction. 2) Pay close attention to methods. As you see, no detailed protocol has been provided so the steps of testing are at your discretion. Lets see who is really good at Biomechanical Testing… 3) Pay further attention to data collection. What are you acquiring… What do you want to report… 4) Discuss your findings with what is available in the literature… Again, go back to relevance and how your study findings are relevant… I am around to help so get my help if needed… A. Singh, 2017 Page 2
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