final essay exam

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psych511

American Military University

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For your Week 8 Final essay exam, you will complete 10 short answer essay questions which focus on the course readings. Essay answers must be attached as Word documents to the appropriate assignment page, not typed into the assignment student comments boxes. In addition to writing a 300 word answer to each essay question with APA formatted citations and references (APA title page and reference page are required. Each question should be answered clearly and numbered) students will answer each question thoroughly and completely, providing examples where required. A minimum of 5 scholarly references are required for this exam.

Answer the questions below in your Week 8 Final essay exam.

  1. Synthesize the work of Watson and Rayner with Little Albert.
  2. Evaluate how you might have cured Little Albert’s phobia.
  3. Synthesize how a person might learn to be embarrassed by the word strawberry.
  4. How do the experiments of Carolyn and Arthur Staats help us understand prejudice?
  5. Evaluate Garcia’s work on taste aversion. Explain how his work differed from most studies of Pavlovian conditioning.
  6. How might you use Pavlovian conditioning to produce a boost in the body’s immune system in response to a CS?
  7. Compare and contrast classical conditioning and operant learning.
  8. What is the chief problem with the two-process theory of avoidance?
  9. Synthesize e how you would use shaping to train a pigeon to hop on one foot.
  10. Why is insight not an adequate explanation of problem solving?

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Component Excellent Satisfactory Question #1 is Answered Completely and Correctly; Adding Examples Where Required. Student answered the question completely and correctly with 300 words of analysis; adding examples where required. Student answered the question mostly correctly and completely with 300 words of analysis: adding examples where required. At times description lacks coherence. Student answered the question completely and correctly with 300 words of analysis; adding examples where required. 12.5 Points Possible Question #2 is Answered Completely and Correctly; Adding Examples Where Required. 12.5 Points Possible Question #3 is Answered Completely and Correctly; Adding Examples Where Required. 12.5 Points Possible Question #4 is Answered Completely and Correctly; Adding Examples Where Required. 12.5 Points Possible Question #5 is Answered Needs Improvement Student answered the question marginally correctly and completely with 300 words of analysis: adding examples where required. Sufficient details and supporting evidence are lacking. Unsatisfactory Student answered the question mostly correctly and completely with 300 words of analysis: adding examples where required. At times description lacks coherence. Student answered the question marginally correctly and completely with 300 words of analysis: adding examples where required. Sufficient details and supporting evidence are lacking. Does not answer the question correctly or completely, lacking 300 words of analysis, and did not include examples where required. Student answered the question completely and correctly with 300 words of analysis; adding examples where required. Student answered the question mostly correctly and completely with 300 words of analysis: adding examples where required. At times description lacks coherence. Student answered the question marginally correctly and completely with 300 words of analysis: adding examples where required. Sufficient details and supporting evidence are lacking. Does not answer the question correctly or completely, lacking 300 words of analysis, and did not include examples where required. Student answered the question completely and correctly with 300 words of analysis; adding examples where required. Student answered the question mostly correctly and completely with 300 words of analysis: adding examples where required. At times description lacks coherence. Student answered the question marginally correctly and completely with 300 words of analysis: adding examples where required. Sufficient details and supporting evidence are lacking. Does not answer the question correctly or completely, lacking 300 words of analysis, and did not include examples where required. Student answered the Student answered the Student answered the question Does not answer the Does not answer the question correctly or completely, lacking 300 words of analysis, and did not include examples where required. Points Earned Completely and Correctly; Adding Examples Where Required. 12.5 Points Possible Question #6 is Answered Completely and Correctly; Adding Examples Where Required. 12.5 Points Possible Question #7 is Answered Completely and Correctly; Adding Examples Where Required. 12.5 Points Possible Question #8 is Answered Completely and Correctly; Adding Examples Where Required. 12.5 Points Possible Question #9 is Answered Completely and Correctly; Adding Examples Where Required. question completely and correctly with 300 words of analysis; adding examples where required. question mostly correctly and completely with 300 words of analysis: adding examples where required. At times description lacks coherence. marginally correctly and completely with 300 words of analysis: adding examples where required. Sufficient details and supporting evidence are lacking. question correctly or completely, lacking 300 words of analysis, and did not include examples where required. Student answered the question completely and correctly with 300 words of analysis; adding examples where required. Student answered the question mostly correctly and completely with 300 words of analysis: adding examples where required. At times description lacks coherence. Student answered the question marginally correctly and completely with 300 words of analysis: adding examples where required. Sufficient details and supporting evidence are lacking. Does not answer the question correctly or completely, lacking 300 words of analysis, and did not include examples where required. Student answered the question completely and correctly with 300 words of analysis; adding examples where required. Student answered the question mostly correctly and completely with 300 words of analysis: adding examples where required. At times description lacks coherence. Student answered the question marginally correctly and completely with 300 words of analysis: adding examples where required. Sufficient details and supporting evidence are lacking. Does not answer the question correctly or completely, lacking 300 words of analysis, and did not include examples where required. Student answered the question completely and correctly with 300 words of analysis; adding examples where required. Student answered the question mostly correctly and completely with 300 words of analysis: adding examples where required. At times description lacks coherence. Student answered the question marginally correctly and completely with 300 words of analysis: adding examples where required. Sufficient details and supporting evidence are lacking. Does not answer the question correctly or completely, lacking 300 words of analysis, and did not include examples where required. Student answered the question completely and correctly with 300 words of Student answered the question mostly correctly and completely with 300 words of Student answered the question marginally correctly and completely with 300 words of analysis: adding Does not answer the question correctly or completely, lacking 300 12.5 Points Possible Question #10 is Answered Completely and Correctly; Adding Examples Where Required. 12.5 Points Possible Analysis of Scholarly PeerReviewed Articles Pertaining to the Essay Question 12.5 Points Possible Formatting/Writing 12.5 Points Possible Summary Comments: analysis; adding examples where required. analysis: adding examples where required. At times description lacks coherence. examples where required. Sufficient details and supporting evidence are lacking. words of analysis, and did not include examples where required. Student answered the question completely and correctly with 300 words of analysis; adding examples where required. Student answered the question mostly correctly and completely with 300 words of analysis: adding examples where required. At times description lacks coherence. Student answered the question marginally correctly and completely with 300 words of analysis: adding examples where required. Sufficient details and supporting evidence are lacking. Does not answer the question correctly or completely, lacking 300 words of analysis, and did not include examples where required. Student provides an accurate, thorough analysis of scholarly peerreviewed articles pertaining to the essay question with a minimum of 5 scholarly references. Work is presented in a logical and coherent way. Writing is clear, articulate, and error free. Citations are composed in proper format with few or no errors. Total Points: 170 Student provides a mostly accurate analysis of scholarly peerreviewed articles pertaining to the essay question with a minimum of 5 scholarly references. At times description lacks coherence. Student provides a marginal analysis of scholarly peerreviewed articles pertaining to the essay question, but does not use 5 scholarly references. Sufficient details and supporting evidence are lacking. Does not analyze scholarly peerreviewed articles pertaining to the essay question with a minimum of 5 scholarly references. Work is grammatically sound with a few minor errors. Citations are composed in the proper format with some errors. Work contains frequent grammatical errors. Citations are inaccurate or improperly formatted. Work does not demonstrate appropriate graduate level writing.
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Explanation & Answer

Hello buddy, kindly find your answers attached below. Let me know what you think. Thank you

Running head: PSYCHOLOGY ANSWERS

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Psychology Answers

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Institution

PSYCHOLOGY ANSWERS

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1. Synthesize the work of Watson and Rayner with Little Albert.

This is a famous psychology experiment that was conducted by John B. Watson, a
behaviorist, with the help of a graduate student, Rosalie Rayner. The other participant in this
experiment was a child, Albert B., now famously known as Little Albert. The subject, at the age
of around 9 months, was exposed to a series of stimuli, including “a white rat, a rabbit, a monkey,
masks, and burning newspapers”, while Watson and Rayner observed his reactions (Watson &
Rayner, 1920). Initially, the subject showed no fear for any of these objects he was exposed to.
The next time little Albert was shown the rat, the researchers hit a metal pipe with a hammer,
creating a loud terrifying bang. Naturally, this terrified the toddler and he began to cry. After
repeating this severally, the boy began to cry simply by just seeing the rat.

From this experiment, Watson proposed the theory of classical conditioning, as a way to
explain all aspects of human psychology. He further posited that all human behavior can be
explained as simply patterns of stimulus and response. Everything in a human, from speech to
emotional response, is determined by their experience of learning. When the two stimuli are linked
together, the individual produces a newly learned response. The theory can be explained in three
stages:

Stage 1-here, the subject produces an unconditioned response (UCR) from being exposed
to an unconditioned stimulus (UCS). There is also the neutral stimulus (the rat) which cannot
produce a response until it is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (the loud noise).

Stage 2-in this stage, the organism associates the neutral stimulus (NS) with the
unconditioned (UCS) stimulus, thus turning it into the conditioned stimulus (SC).

PSYCHOLOGY ANSWERS

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Stage 3-after a few trials, the subject now completely associated with the conditioned
stimulus to the unconditioned stimulus and creates a conditioned response (CR).
2. Evaluate how you might have cured Little Albert’s phobia.
To cure little Albert’s phobia of rats, one could use counter conditioning. The theory by
Watson and Rayner showed that Albert’s fear of rats was a conditioned response created because
the child associated rats with a terrifying sound (Prochaska & Norcross, 2018). Similarly, the child
can be conditioned not to fear rats. Also known as stimulus substitution, this principle of behavioral
analysis involves pairing stimuli that evoke a specific response with an opposite response in order
to achieve a new response from the stimulus.

In the case of little Albert, he should be kept away from the rat for a considerable amount
of time. Then the rat should be brought closer and closer to the subject while he is treated to his
favorite meal. However, the moment the boy shows any signs of fear, the rat should be removed
from his presence. With time, Albert should be allowed to touch the rat, while being treated to the
foods he loves. This would reduce the nervousness petting the rat would bring. Eventually, the
subject should be able to be in the same room and pet the rat without any signs of fear. This is
because of the unpleasant stimulus, fear, the rat induced has now been replaced by the pleasant
response of nice treats. Here, Albert is able to overcome his fear of rats through virtual exposure
to the feared object without any danger. His negative response to rats is replaced by a new
response. This technique was first used by Mary cover Jones a student of John B Watson. In her
research, published in 1924, she was able to show how a boy with a phobia for rabbits was cured
using counter conditioning (Prochaska & Norcross, 2018). This technique has been used as

PSYCHOLOGY ANSWERS

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treatment for phobias, aggression, and fears. It can be applied to both humans and animals such as
dogs that show fear or bark at a specific person.

3. Describe how a person might learn to be embarrassed by the word strawberry

Embarrassment is a self-conscious emotion that makes the person feel exposed or filled
with regret for something they might have done or experienced in the past. There are numerous
events that make people embarrassed ranging from personal blunders -spilling drinks on oneself,
forgetting someo...


Anonymous
Really great stuff, couldn't ask for more.

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