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Lab #4©NOT
Performing
a Qualitative Risk Assessment
for
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an IT Infrastructure
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Introduction
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Risk management begins with first identifying risks, threats, and vulnerabilities to then assess
them. Assessing risks means to evaluate risk in terms of two factors. First, evaluate each risk’s
likelihood of occurring. Second, evaluate the impact or consequences should the risk occur. Both
likelihood
and impact
are important for understanding
each riskLearning,
measures up
to other risks.
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Learning,
LLC
© Joneshow
& Bartlett
LLC
How
the
risks
compare
with
one
other
is
important
when
deciding
which
risk
or
risks
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priority. In short, assessing is a critical step toward the goal of mitigation.
Assessing risks can be done in one of two ways: quantitatively or qualitatively. Quantitatively
means to assign numerical values or some objective, empirical value. For example, “Less than
©or
Jones
& Bartlett
Learning,
LLCto assign wording or some
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& Bartlett Learning, LL
$1,000 to repair”
“Biweekly.”
Qualitatively
means
quasi-subjective
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value. For example,
risk could
beOR
labeled
critical, major, or minor.
In this lab, you will define the purpose of an IT risk assessment, you will align identified risks,
threats, and vulnerabilities to an IT risk assessment that encompasses the seven domains of a
typical
IT infrastructure,
you will classify
vulnerabilities,
andLearning,
you will LLC
© Jones
& Bartlett Learning,
LLC the risks, threats, and
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& Bartlett
prioritize
them.
Finally,
you
will
write
an
executive
summary
that
addresses
the
risk
assessment
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findings, risk assessment impact, and recommendations to remediate areas of noncompliance.
Learning Objectives
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UponOR
completing
this lab, you will be able to:NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION
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Define the purpose and objectives of an IT risk assessment.
Align identified risks, threats, and vulnerabilities to an IT risk assessment that
encompasses the seven domains of a typical IT infrastructure.
Jones &
Bartlett
Learning,
LLC
© Jonesrisk
& Bartlett Learning, LL
• Classify ©
identified
risks,
threats,
and vulnerabilities
according to a qualitative
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FOR
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FOR
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OR
DISTRIBUTION
assessment template.
• Prioritize classified risks, threats, and vulnerabilities according to the defined qualitative
risk assessment scale.
• Craft an executive summary that addresses the risk assessment findings, risk assessment
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& Bartlett
Learning, LLC
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impact,
and recommendations
to remediate areas of noncompliance.
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•
•
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27
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28 | LAB #4 Performing a Qualitative Risk Assessment for an IT Infrastructure
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Deliverables
© of
Jones
& Bartlett
Learning,
LLC the following deliverables
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Bartlett Learning, LL
Upon completion
this lab,
you are required
to provide
to &
your
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FOR
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OR DISTRIBUT
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FOR
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OR
DISTRIBUTION
instructor:
1. Lab Report file;
2. Lab Assessments file.
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29
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Hands-On Steps
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This is a paper-based lab. To successfully complete the deliverables for this lab, you will need
access
to Microsoft®
uNote:
Word or another compatible word processor. For some labs, you may also need access to a graphics line drawing
application, such as Visio or PowerPoint. Refer to the Preface of this manual for information on creating the lab
deliverable files.
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1. On your local computer, create the lab deliverable files.
2. Review the Lab Assessment Worksheet. You will find answers to these questions as you
proceed through the lab steps.
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OnDISTRIBUTION
your local computer, open a new Internet
browser
window.
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OR DISTRIBUTION
4. Using your favorite search engine, search for information on the purpose of IT risk
assessment.
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Bartlett
Learning,
LLC
5. In your Lab
Report&file,
describe
the purpose
of IT risk assessment. © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LL
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6. Review the following table for the risks, threats, and vulnerabilities found in a health care
IT infrastructure servicing patients with life-threatening conditions:
Risks, Threats, and Vulnerabilities
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OR
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Unauthorized
access
from
public Internet
Primary Domain
Risk Impact/
©
Jones
&
Bartlett
Impacted
FactorLearning, LLC
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User destroys data in application and
deletes all files
Hacker penetrates your IT infrastructure
and gains
access toLLC
your internal network
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Learning,
© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC
Intraoffice employee romance gone bad
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Fire destroys primary data center
Service provider service level agreement
(SLA) is not achieved
Workstation operating system (OS) has a
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known software©
vulnerability
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FOR
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OR
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Unauthorized access to organizationowned workstations
Loss of production data
Denial of service attack on organization
Demilitarized
Zone (DMZ)
and e-mail
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Learning,
LLC
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server
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Remote communications from home office
Local Area Network (LAN) server OS has a
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Learning,
LLC
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Bartlett Learning, LLC
Copyright © 2015
by Jones & Bartlett
Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company.
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Student Lab Manual
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30 | LAB #4 Performing a Qualitative Risk Assessment for an IT Infrastructure
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known
software
vulnerability
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User downloads and clicks on an unknown
e-mail attachment
Workstation browser has a software
vulnerability
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Mobile employee needs secure browser
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access to sales-order entry system
Service provider has a major network
outage
Weak ingress/egress traffic-filtering
degrades
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User
CDs and
USB
hard drives with
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personal photos, music, and videos on
organization-owned computers
Virtual Private Network (VPN) tunneling
between remote computer and
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ingress/egress
router
is needed
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Wireless
Area Network (WLAN)
access points are needed for LAN
connectivity within a warehouse
Need to prevent eavesdropping on WLAN
due to customer©privacy
access Learning, LLC
Jonesdata
& Bartlett
© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LL
Denial of service
(DoS)/distributed
denial
of
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service (DDoS) attack from the Wide Area
Network (WAN)/Internet
7. Review the seven domains of a typical IT infrastructure (see Figure 1).
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Figure 1 Seven domains of a typical IT NOT
infrastructure
8. In your Lab Report file, using the table from step 6, identify in the table’s Primary
Domain Impacted column which of the seven domains of a typical IT infrastructure will
most impacted
orJones
vulnerability
listed.Learning, LLC
© Jones & Bartlettbe
Learning,
LLC by each risk, threat, ©
& Bartlett
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31
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Qualitative
Versus Quantitative
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The next step requests that you assign a score to each of the risks in the table from step 6. The scoring is done
qualitatively, by assigning one of several labels on a scale. In this case, the scale is provided for you, ranging from
Critical to Minor.
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Using qualitative scores to assess risks is comparatively easy and quick. The alternative is to assess quantitatively,
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using actual, numerical scores. Using qualitative words such as “critical” or “major” introduces subjective opinion,
while citing numbers such as “Damage to be more than $3 million” or “Will cause an outage of under four hours”
introduces quantitative objectivity.
Quantitative
is moreLearning,
objective, but LLC
calculating risk assessment this©way
can take
much moreLearning,
time. This is LLC
© Jonesscoring
& Bartlett
Jones
& Bartlett
because
it
requires
you
to
dig
up
hard
facts.
For
instance,
you
can
conduct
quantitative
scoring
by
referring
to your
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organization’s history or claims records by answering such questions as “How often has this happened to us, or
others?” You can also assess risks numerically by researching the costs to recover from losses.
It is possible to assess risks both quantitatively and qualitatively. For example, you could quantitatively score the
© Jones & Bartlett
LLCof each risk, for example,©
Jones
Bartlett
likelihood Learning,
and consequences
“under
10% &
chance”
and “ Learning,
‘X’ number of LLC
staff lives harmed or
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ORyou
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FOR “critical”
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lost.” But
could present the final score qualitatively,NOT
for example,
“needs
to be addressed
immediately.”
9. In your Lab
Report&file,
using the
table from
step 6, perform a qualitative
risk assessment
© Jones
Bartlett
Learning,
LLC
© Jones
& Bartlett Learning, LL
by assigning
a
risk
impact/risk
factor
to
each
of
the
identified
risks,
threats,
and
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vulnerabilities throughout the seven domains of a typical IT infrastructure where the risk,
threat, or vulnerability resides. Assign each risk, threat, and vulnerability a priority
number in the table’s Risk Impact/Factor column, where:
© Jones
Learning,
LLCor vulnerability that impacts
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& Bartlett
Learning,
LLC
• &
“1”Bartlett
is Critical:
A risk, threat,
compliance
(that
is, privacy
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OR DISTRIBUTION
requirement
for securing privacy data and implementing
proper security
controls,
and so on) and places the organization in a position of increased liability
• “2” is Major: A risk, threat, or vulnerability that impacts the confidentiality, integrity,
and availability (C-I-A) of an organization’s intellectual property assets and IT
infrastructure
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LLC
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“3” is Minor: A risk, threat, or vulnerability
thatSALE
can impact
user or employee
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productivity or availability of the IT infrastructure
uNote:
Keep the following ©
in mind
when&working
on the
next step: When
management,
Jones
Bartlett
Learning,
LLCsuggesting next steps to executive
© Jones
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consider your recommendations from their point of view. Be prepared to explain costs, both in implementing the
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controls and then in maintaining the controls.
Remember that costs come in many forms, not least of which is labor. Be sure accountability is thought out in
terms of roles and responsibilities. Other potential costs outside the data center include goodwill or reputation,
market
share,&and
lost opportunity.
Executive
management might have these
costs topmost
in mind.Learning, LLC
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Bartlett
Learning,
LLC
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& Bartlett
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Learning,
LLC
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Bartlett Learning, LLC
Copyright © 2015
by Jones & Bartlett
Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company.
All rights&
reserved.
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Student Lab Manual
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32 | LAB #4 Performing a Qualitative Risk Assessment for an IT Infrastructure
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10.
In
your
Lab
Report
file,
write
a
four-paragraph
executive
according to the
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OR DISTRIBUTION
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following outline:
Paragraph #1: Summary of findings (risks, threats, and vulnerabilities found
throughout
the &
seven
domains
of a typical
© Jones
Bartlett
Learning,
LLCIT infrastructure)
© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LL
• Paragraph
#2: Approach
andDISTRIBUTION
prioritization of critical, major, andNOT
minorFOR
risk SALE OR DISTRIBUT
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assessment elements
• Paragraph #3: Risk assessment and risk impact summary of the seven domains of a
typical IT infrastructure
•
Paragraph
Recommendations
and next steps for
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Bartlett#4:
Learning,
LLC
© executive
Jones & management
Bartlett Learning, LLC
•
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uNote:
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This completes the lab. Close the Web browser, if you have not already done so.
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33
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Evaluation Criteria and Rubrics
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The following are
the evaluation
criteria
for this lab
that students must perform:
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1. Define the purpose and objectives of an IT risk assessment. – [20%]
2. Align identified risks, threats, and vulnerabilities to an IT risk assessment that
encompasses the seven domains of a typical IT infrastructure. – [20%]
3.
Classify
identified
risks, threats,
qualitative
risk
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& Bartlett
Learning,
LLC and vulnerabilities according
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Learning,
LLC
assessment
– [20%]
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OR DISTRIBUTION
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4. Prioritize classified risks, threats, and vulnerabilities according to the defined qualitative
risk assessment scale. – [20%]
5. Craft an executive summary that addresses the risk assessment findings, risk assessment
impact, and recommendations to remediate areas of noncompliance. – [20%]
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© Jones
Bartlett Learning, LLC
Copyright © 2015
by Jones & Bartlett
Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company.
All rights&
reserved.
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Student Lab Manual
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Assessment Worksheet
Performing a Qualitative Risk Assessment for an IT Infrastructure
Course Name and Number: _____________________________________________________
Student Name: ________________________________________________________________
Instructor Name: ______________________________________________________________
Lab Due Date: ________________________________________________________________
Overview
In this lab, you defined the purpose of an IT risk assessment, you aligned identified risks, threats,
and vulnerabilities to an IT risk assessment that encompasses the seven domains of a typical IT
infrastructure, you classified the risks, threats, and vulnerabilities, and you prioritized them.
Finally, you wrote an executive summary that addresses the risk assessment findings, risk
assessment impact, and recommendations to remediate areas of noncompliance.
Lab Assessment Questions & Answers
1. What is an IT risk assessment’s goal or objective?
2. Why is it difficult to conduct a quantitative risk assessment for an IT infrastructure?
3. What was your rationale in assigning a “1” risk impact/risk factor value of “Critical” to an
identified risk, threat, or vulnerability?
4. After you had assigned the “1,” “2,” and “3” risk impact/risk factor values to the identified risks,
threats, and vulnerabilities, how did you prioritize the “1,” “2,” and “3” risk elements? What
would you say to executive management about your final recommended prioritization?
35
5. Identify a risk-mitigation solution for each of the following risk factors:
a. User downloads and clicks on an unknown e-mail attachment
b. Workstation OS has a known software vulnerability
c. Need to prevent eavesdropping on WLAN due to customer privacy data access
d. Weak ingress/egress traffic-filtering degrades performance
e. DoS/DDoS attack from the WAN/Internet
f. Remote access from home office
g. Production server corrupts database
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