Literature Critique.

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Research Assignment #2 Literature Critique

Write a two-page literature critique on the individually assigned IE topic shown in the table below. You must use TWO peer-reviewed refereed journal articles for this assignment where each page should be a summary of each article.

My topic is Electronic Assembly.

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IEGR 204 – INTRODUCTION TO IE & COMPUTERS Additional Notes for Writing a Literature Critique  Get your Bear Necessity Card (BNC) activated at the library (or on-line) if you need off-campus access to the research databases! The number located on the back of your BNC (i.e., between the two letters on each end) needs to get activated in order to gain access to many research databases and tools. This is only necessary when you need to use the MSU library research resources when off-campus. Take care of this at the main library desk if necessary ASAP.  As discussed at the library session on Wednesday, January 31, 2018, you must retrieve recent (i.e., 2008– 2018) refereed peer-reviewed journal articles related to some area of Industrial Engineering (i.e., specifically, the topic assigned to you in the table from Research Assignment #2 on the last page) NOTE: Again, a “refereed” peer-reviewed journal article is one which has gone through a review process of referees/judges and usually contains an abstract, introduction, methodology, results, conclusions, and references. Normally, it also contains a few math equations, figures, tables, etc. For the articles you will seek for this assignment, the author(s) should be showing/discussing how they used ‘your IE topic area’ for solving some form of industrial engineering-related problem (or from another engineering field if necessary). If you are not certain, ask someone (e.g., a classmate or upper-classman, or your professor)!  Webpage articles (i.e., those from Google, Wikipedia, or other websites), encyclopedia & magazine articles, book chapters or book excerpts are NOT acceptable. However, the use of Google Scholar and other sites which contain refereed journal articles are acceptable.  Each student must try to use different articles for this assignment. Any students who submit plagiarized literature critiques (from either past or current students) will receive 0% for the assignment.  SafeAssign (the Bb plagiarism checking tool) will be active for this assignment  Follow the instructions very carefully on the assignment on how to format a literature critique  An actual ‘properly formatted’ sample literature critique (for a single article) follows, but remember…you must get two articles for your literature critique research assignment. cont’d on next page The research by Garetti, Pozzetti, & Tavecchio (1996) discusses the complex scheduling problem faced during surface mount technology (SMT) electronic circuit boards assembly. Developing a good production schedule can increase the performance of the entire production system. Thus, this paper examines the results of research carried out for the development of a production planning system for managing SMT assembly lines with variable printed circuit board (PCB) mixes. The model was set up based on a predetermined production load to meet the requirements of a weekly production plan, using only automatic component-inserting machines. The production system is made up of identical machines working in parallel with only one routing for each board. The assembly times varied according to the board types and the set up time is calculated as “the time required by the operator to place all component types on the feeders.” It is clear that this scheduling problem contains a sequencing problem within it; and it has both deterministic and non-deterministic portions as well. The major focus of the system aims at minimizing the makespan (i.e., the completion time of a task, part, product, or a batch of tasks/parts/products) for the assigned production. In order to achieve the minimization of the makespan, the setup and idle times of the bottleneck machine has to be reduced. Reduction of setup time occurred by developing PCB mixes that could be produced without any need for setup. This meant that a setup was only necessary when changing over from one ‘no setup mix’ (NS mix) to another. After assuming that the bottleneck machine type (machine type with the highest workload) for the NS mix was the same as the one for the whole examined period, the limitation of idle time on this bottleneck machine type became the next task of importance. There are 2 consecutive steps in the scheduling system: 1) generation (i.e., initial creation) of NS mixes and 2) sequencing (i.e., the ordering of tasks) of NS mixes. The generation of the NS mixes can be achieved by either maximization of machine productivity or minimization of machine setups. Sequencing of NS mixes can be achieved by minimizing the maximum operating time for the machine or minimizing the setup time of the system. The research by Garetti et al. (1996) states that the generation of the NS mixes was divided into three modules: generation of the feasible mixes, determination of the optimum quantities for each feasible mix, and choice of the no setup mixes. At the end of this phase, the mixes that share all electronic components on all the machine types and those mixes that could be produced simultaneously (while fulfilling the constraint forced by the limited machine component-storage capacity) were now grouped together. Next, the scheduling procedure forms a number of sequences equal to the number of NS mixes to define a possible starting point. Then, the best sequence is chosen. What really impressed me about the research by Garetti et al. (1996) was how they used various minimization techniques to actually achieve a reduced makespan for this complex PCB assembly problem. After realizing the scheduling problem would be too time-consuming to do in the traditional manner, they developed a heuristic procedure to achieve the main goal (by first achieving several subgoals along the way); and they were successful at it. Another thing that impressed me was how they clearly illustrated an application example, which highlighted the behavior of the scheduling system at the end of the article. Overall, it was a really interesting article that was thoroughly written, and the article was very clear and concise with the concepts regarding the scheduling problem faced with SMT PCB assembly. Name: Richard A. Pitts, Jr. Class: IEGR 204 Date Due: February 21, 2018 Assignment Name: Research Assignment #2 Reference(s) Garetti, M., Pozzetti, A., & Tavecchio, R. (1996). Production scheduling in SMT electronic boards assembly. Production Planning and Control, 7 (2), 197-204. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ OK, this is what needs to be done IEGR 204 students! If you have any additional questions, please ask BEFORE the assignment is submitted…not afterwards! Created on February 11, 2018 and last updated on February 11, 2018 by Dr. Richard Pitts, Jr. Page 1 of 4 IEGR 204 – INTRODUCTION TO IE AND COMPUTERS Research Assignment #2 Literature Critique (Due on 2/28/18 by 10:00 am via Bb only) Write a two-page literature critique on the individually assigned IE topic shown in the table below. You must use TWO peer-reviewed refereed journal articles for this assignment where each page should be a summary of each article. Submission Instructions: You must submit the literature critique in MS Word .doc or .docx file format only as well as the two .pdf files of your two peer-reviewed refereed journal articles any time BEFORE and UP TO the final due date and time via Bb only. Formatting Instructions: The literature critique is a brief summary of two articles from ‘peer-reviewed refereed’ journals. Critiques must be word-processed, single spaced, and one full complete page for each article for a total of two pages in full justification form. Also, you must have a margin size of 1.00 inch on all sides (i.e., where the top, left and rights sides are even) of your submitted assignment. Occasionally, your article may not fully reach the bottom margin due to the writing of your critique; thus, if this occurs, you must not leave more than a 1.5” margin at the bottom in any case. If necessary, write a longer summary! The only accepted font size must be 12 pt and Times New Roman font type is required. The paper should contain 4-5 well-written paragraphs on each page with proper grammar and spelling. In the final paragraph of each page, briefly discuss something from the article that really impressed you. Only the last paragraph of each page can be written from the first person point of view, but not in any other location of the literature critique should 1st or 3rd person be used (i.e., do not use ‘we’, ‘you’, ‘I’, etc.). When using direct information from either article, be certain to use the proper APA in-text citation format ‘(Author, year)’. For rules regarding multiple authors, please refer to the appropriate websites indicated below. Page 2 of 4 At the top of the second page, please write the following information: Name: James Wrong (but please use your name here) Class: IEGR 204.001 Date: 2/21/18 (put the submission date here) Assignment Name: (Put your IE topic here) Two proper APA bibliographic citation references MUST be used for this paper. These references should also appear on the second page of the paper below the ‘Assignment Name’. which lists the two peer-reviewed refereed references only. Although many reference styles exist, the only style that will be accepted in this class is the APA-style. The general format is shown below: First Author’s Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial., & Second Author’s Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (year of publication). Title of the article where only the first letter of the first word in title or sub-title as well as proper nouns and acronyms are capitalized. Name of Journal in Italics, volume in italics (issue number in parenthesis and not in italics if known), first page number-last page number. Pay very close attention to the details of the APA citation format (such as the location of periods, commas, use of italics, etc.) Sample citation with two authors: Pitts, Jr., R.A., & Ventura, J.A. (2009). Scheduling manufacturing cells using Tabu Search. International Journal of Production Research, 47(24), 6907-6928. Sample citation with >2 authors: Jerald, J., Asokan, P., Prabaharan, G., & Saravanan, R. (2005). Scheduling optimization of flexible manufacturing systems using particle swarm optimization algorithm. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 25(1), 964-971. REMEMBER: If more than 2 authors have written the article, ALL authors’ names must be listed in the bibliographical reference as in the example above. For many more examples, please refer to the Purdue OWL website at http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/06/ and click the appropriate “Reference List” item on the left column for the type of source you are using. For additional referencing help, see the APA Style website and click on the tutorial at http://www.apastyle.org/learn/tutorials/basics-tutorial.aspx Page 3 of 4 Acceptable Journals – Refereed (examples – this is not an exhaustive list): International Journal of Production Research International Journal of Industrial & Operational Research The Engineering Economist International Journal of Economics IIE Transactions Journal of Engineering Education Journal of Operations Research Management Science Operations Research European Journal of Operations Research Computers and Operations Research Journal of Manufacturing Systems International Journal of Flexible Manufacturing Systems International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Modern Materials Handling Production Planning and Control etc… Page 4 of 4 Research Assignment #2 Topics for IEGR 204.001: Topics Student 1. Robotics Bahbahani, Mohammad 2. Drones Coleman, Tahj 3. Computer Programming Lim, Youngjo 4. Human Factors Engineering Edmunds, Charles 5. Ergonomic Design (of workplace/products) Muhammad, Ghani 6. Quality Control & Reliability Molock, Kaylah 7. Regression & Forecasting Garcia, Kyle 8. Probability & Statistical Analysis Spruill, Saaq 9. Electronic Assembly Nickens, Troyauna 10. Project Management Almashan, Omar 11. Production Planning & Control McQueen, John 12. Operations Management Thomas, Shawnice 13. Supply Chain Management Alqarni, Turki 14. Operations Research Cunningham, Ricardo 15. Sequencing & Scheduling Redhead, Asha 16. Parts/Product Routing Cole, Kenneth 17. Material Handling Systems Jones, Rashawneda 18. Computer-Aided Design Alqallaf, Hussain 19. Computer-Aided Manufacturing Molock, Kaylah 20. Simulation Thornton, Tiahrell 21. Engineering Economy Nelson, Aisha 22. Energy Systems Young, Akira 23. Materials Engineering Alhajeri, Khalefah 24. Engineering Management Klusmann, Nyla 25. Manufacturing Processes Smith, Janoah 26. Additive Manufacturing (3-D printing) Daodu, Aimanosi 27. Healthcare Systems Rasheed, Starr 28. Flexible Manufacturing Systems Shuaib, Ridwan 29. Industrial Safety Ogunduyilemi, Temitayo 30. Facilities/Plant Layout Freeman, Alexander 31. Virtual Manufacturing Yesuf, Abdulla 32. Waste & Environment Management Dinkins, Zion 33. Thermodynamics Dillard, Jonathan 34. Data Mining/Big Data Brooks, Janae 35. Logistics Baronette, Seanasia 36. Energy Systems Alanazi, Abdullah 37. Automotive Production Planning & Assembly Bewaji, Michael 38. Supply Chain Management Alzuabi, Ali 39. Materials Engineering Clark, Jabril 40. Sequencing & Scheduling Brown, Emanuel *IF YOUR NAME DOES NOT APPEAR IN THE ABOVE LIST, COME SEE THE PROFESSORS OF THIS COURSE ASAP. THE DUE DATE WILL NOT CHANGE. Created on 2/11/18 and last updated on 2/11/2018 by Dr. Richard Pitts, Jr.
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Here are the articles that I used.

International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology
E-ISSN 2277 – 4106, P-ISSN 2347 - 5161
®
©2014 INPRESSCO , All Rights Reserved
Available at http://inpressco.com/category/ijcet

Case Study

Assembly line Balancing: A Case Study in Silencer Manufacturing
Shriram SaneȦ, Varsha KarandikarȦ*, Rahul PulkurteȦ and Subodh PatilȦ
Ȧ

Industrial and Production Engineering Department, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, University of Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Accepted 02 May 2014, Available online 01 June 2014, Vol.4, No.3 (June 2014)

Abstract
An assembly line balancing is to know how tasks are to be assigned to workstations, so that the predetermined goal is
achieved. Minimization of the number of workstations and maximization of the production rate are the most common
goals. The silencer assembly line is studied in this paper which assembles four products. For line improvement purpose,
various Lean Manufacturing tools are employed such as cycle time study, line imbalance calculation, bottleneck
identification, Kaizen, space utilization through layout change. Many industries are facing lot of problems like inability
to meet production targets, imbalance of work content at work stations, discontinuity in material flow, manpower
allotment. In this paper, the design to evaluate the performance, bottleneck identification , reduction in bottleneck
cycle time, minimizing line imbalance, workstations organization, reduction in manpower and space saving,
increasing manpower utilization of industrial production assembly line are discussed.
Keywords: Assembly Line Balancing, Cycle Time Reduction, resource utilization

1. Introduction
1

Line Balancing means balancing the production line, or
any assembly line. The main objective of line balancing is
to distribute the task evenly over the work station so that
idle time of man of machine can be minimized by Naveen
Kumar and Dalgobind Mahto (2013). Varsha Narayan
Karandikar, Shriram Madhukar Sane (2014), discussed
waste identification and elimination and de-bottlenecking
to balance the line and optimize utilization of resources for
improving the productivity. Cycle time reduction is one
of the most important elements of successful
manufacturing today, Assembly line balancing is the
process of distributing work load in an assembly line
across successive workstations so that no resource and
time
are
wasted is studied by Meby Mathew,
D.Samuelraj (2013). Takt time is the rate at which
products or services should be produced to meet the
customer demand. Bottleneck Delay in transmission that
slow down the production rate this can be overcome by
balancing the line. Naveen Kumar & Dalgobind Mahto
(2013) in their paper the improvement in knowledge, the
refinement in the application of line balancing procedure
is also a must. Task allocation of each worker was
achieved by assembly line balancing to increase an
assembly efficiency and effective use of manpower
.Varsha Narayan Karandikar, Shriram Madhukar Sane
(2013) described the newly defined Posture – State
Variation Report [P-SVR] method of postural analysis to
highlight the areas for improvement in work posture for
*Corresponding author Varsha Karandikar is working as Assistant
Professor; Shriram Sane as Professor and Rahul Pulkurte and Subodh
Patil are students

operator comfort and to find out quantitative value of
severity of work based upon postural video analysis.
Varsha Karandikar, S. M. Sane (2013), investigated the
investigated the ergonomics aspect of machine design of
work station to kill the root cause of the problem. And
also explained the procedure for determining the
workstation dimensions and layout has been explained.
1.1 Formulae
%
Efficiency =
Takt time=
2. Methodology
2.1 Cycle Time Study
First of all, to know the production capability of each
individual station, detailed cycle time study at each
workstation is carried out. Cycle time study is done for 5
repetitive cycles. Then, activities are sorted in VA(Value
added)/NNVA(Non
Value
added
activity)/PNVA
(Partially non value added activity) activities. NNVA
activities are focused to eliminate or reduce and NVA
activities are focused to eliminate.
2.2 Current State of the Line
In this all the workstation time study is carried out 7
wastes (TIMWOOD) are identified at each workstation.
Also, Line imbalance ratio is also calculated. At initial

1583 | International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, Vol.4, No.3 (June 2014)

Shriram Sane et al

Assembly line Balancing: A Case Study in Silencer Manufacturing

Inner & Outer Pipe Welding

Shot Filling

CNC Bending

Shot Removal

Machine Steel Shot filling

Gauge Inspection

Leakage Testing

CO2 Welding

Drilling

Cover tube Welding

Leakage Testing

Peicring

Sizzing Machine

Inspection

45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

NVA

VA

Takt Time

Figure 1: Initial State of line Balancing
level, line imbalance percentage for the line (Pipe B) is
46.04%. Number of operators employed on the line is 14.
2.3 Initial State of the Line
Following figure shows graphical representation of the
cycle time of workstation along with TAKT time and
Target rate. Workstations having total cycle time more
than the target are bottleneck station which should be
considered for the improvement on priority.
Table 1: State Of Line before Line Balancing (With 14
Operators)

The flow of material is not continuous as shown in the
Layout figure 5(Before). And Manpower workload is very
less as shown in figure 1. The Manpower required for
these two stations are two. When these workstations are
clubbed the distance is minimized between these two
workstations and it helped to deploy single manpower for
both workstations. This change doesn’t affect the
production rate before and after the Improvement as the
Takt time for each workstation is 37.7 sec. By clubbing
these two workstations cycle time=17.62 sec. which is less
than the required takt time.
3.3 Cover Tube Round Welding

3. Bottleneck identification and elimination

In this cover tube welding operation the operator needs to
pick up the pipe, cover tube and welding is carried out. At
this workstation the cover tubes are placed on the welding
machine, not more than 20 pieces are placed. After
completing 20 jobs he needs to go storage and bring the
cover tube simultaneously. The operator needs to bring
material from storage 5 times in hour. To re...


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