Exam Name___________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 1) Which of the following is not true of statistics? A) Statistics can be used to organize and analyze information. B) Statistics involves collecting and summarizing data. C) Statistics is used to answer questions with 100% certainty. D) Statistics is used to draw conclusions using data. Determine whether the underlined value is a parameter or a statistic. 2) 29.2% of the mayors of cities in a certain state are from minority groups. A) parameter B) statistic 3) The average age of the 65 students in Ms. Hope's political science class is 21 years 8 months. A) statistic B) parameter Provide an appropriate response. 4) Parking at a large university has become a very big problem. University administrators are interested in determining the average parking time (e.g. the time it takes a student to find a parking spot) of its students. An administrator inconspicuously followed 150 students and carefully recorded their parking times. Identify the population of interest to the university administration. A) the parking times of the 150 students from whom the data were collected B) the parking times of the entire set of students that park at the university C) the students that park at the university between 9 and 10 AM on Wednesdays D) the entire set of faculty, staff, and students that park at the university 5) The legal profession conducted a study to determine the percentage of cardiologists who had been sued for malpractice in the last five years. The sample was randomly chosen from a national directory of doctors. Identify the individuals in the study. A) all cardiologists in the directory B) the responses: have been sued/have not been sued for malpractice in the last five years C) each cardiologist selected from the directory D) the doctor's area of expertise (i.e., cardiology, pediatrics, etc.) Classify the variable as qualitative or quantitative. 6) the colors of book covers on a bookshelf A) qualitative 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) B) quantitative 7) the number of seats in a school auditorium A) qualitative 7) B) quantitative 1 Solve the problem. 8) A bicycle manufacturer produces four different bicycle models. Information is summarized in the table below: 8) Model Series Number Weight Style Ascension A120 32 Mountain Road Runner B640 21 Road All Terrain C300 26 Hybrid Class Above D90 14 Racing Identify the variables and determine whether each variable is quantitative or qualitative. A) series number: quantitative; weight: quantitative; style: qualitative B) series number: qualitative; weight: qualitative; style: qualitative C) series number: quantitative; weight: qualitative; style: qualitative D) series number: qualitative; weight: quantitative; style: qualitative 9) An international relations professor is supervising four master's students. Information about the students is summarized in the table. Student Name Student Number Anna 914589205 Pierre 981672635 Juan 906539012 Yoko 977530271 Area of Interest Africa Middle East Latin America Asia 9) GPA 3.44 3.51 3.71 3.45 Identify the variables and determine whether each variable is quantitative or qualitative. A) student number: qualitative; area of interest: qualitative; GPA: qualitative B) student number: qualitative; area of interest: qualitative; GPA: quantitative C) student number: quantitative; area of interest: qualitative; GPA: quantitative D) student number: quantitative; area of interest: qualitative; GPA: qualitative Determine whether the quantitative variable is discrete or continuous. 10) the number of bottles of juice sold in a cafeteria during lunch A) continuous B) discrete 10) Provide an appropriate response. 11) Classify the following random variable: telephone area codes A) experimental data B) quantitative discrete data C) qualitative data D) quantitative continuous data Determine the level of measurement of the variable. 12) the musical instrument played by a music student A) ordinal B) nominal 11) 12) C) interval D) ratio 13) the medal received (gold, silver, bronze) by an Olympic gymnast A) nominal B) ordinal C) interval D) ratio 14) height of a tree A) interval D) ordinal 13) 14) B) ratio C) nominal 2 Determine whether the study depicts an observational study or an experiment. 15) A poll is conducted in which professional musicians are asked their ages. A) observational study B) experiment 15) 16) A pollster obtains a sample of students and asks them how they will vote on an upcoming referendum. A) experiment B) observational study 16) 17) A scientist was studying the effects of a new fertilizer on crop yield. She randomly assigned half of the plots on a farm to group one and the remaining plots to group two. On the plots in group one, the new fertilizer was used for a year. On the plots in group two, the old fertilizer was used. At the end of the year the average crop yield for the plots in group one was compared with the average crop yield for the plots in group two. A) experiment B) observational study 17) Determine what type of observational study is described. Explain. 18) Researchers wanted to determine whether there was an association between high blood pressure and the suppression of emotions. The researchers looked at 1800 adults enrolled in a Health Initiative Observational Study. Each person was interviewed and asked about their response to emotions. In particular they were asked whether their tendency was to express or to hold in anger and other emotions. The degree of suppression of emotions was rated on a scale of 1 to 10. Each person's blood pressure was also measured. The researchers analyzed the results to determine whether there was an association between high blood pressure and the suppression of emotions. A) cross-sectional; Information is collected at a specific point in time. B) retrospective; Individuals are asked to look back in time. C) cohort; Individuals are observed over a long period of time. 19) Researchers wanted to determine whether there was an association between city driving and stomach ulcers. They selected a sample of 900 young adults and followed them for a twenty-year period. At the start of the study none of the participants was suffering from a stomach ulcer. Each person kept track of the number of hours per week they spent driving in city traffic. At the end of the study each participant underwent tests to determine whether they were suffering from a stomach ulcer. The researchers analyzed the results to determine whether there was an association between city driving and stomach ulcers. A) retrospective; Individuals are asked to look back in time. B) cross-sectional; Information is collected at a specific point in time. C) cohort; Individuals are observed over a long period of time. Provide an appropriate response. 20) Which of the following is not true about factors? A) One way to control factors is to fix their level at one predetermined value throughout the experiment. B) Factors whose effect on the response variable is not of interest can be set after the experiment. C) Factors whose effect on the response variable interests us should be set at predetermined levels. D) Any combination of the values of the factors is called a treatment. 3 18) 19) 20) 21) The variable measured in the experiment is called ____________ . A) the response variable B) a sampling unit C) the predictor variable D) the treatment 21) 22) The object upon which the response variable is measured is called ________ . A) a treatment B) an experimental unit C) the predictor variable D) the factor 22) 23) __________ is a condition applied to the experimental units involved in an experiment. A) The factor level B) The design C) A treatment D) The sampling design 23) 24) An experiment in which the experimental unit (or subject) does not know which treatment he or she is receiving is called a ________________ . A) matched-pairs design B) single-blind experiment C) randomized block design D) double -blind experiment 24) 25) An experiment in which neither the experimental unit nor the researcher in contact with the experimental unit knows which treatment the experimental unit is receiving is called a ________________ . A) double -blind experiment B) randomized block design C) single-blind experiment D) matched-pairs design 25) 26) A salesman boasts to a farmer that his new fertilizer will increase the yield of the farmer's crops by 15%. The farmer wishes to test the effects of the new fertilizer on her corn yield. She has four equal sized plots of landone with sandy soil, one with rocky soil, one with clay-rich soil, and one with average soil. She divides each of the four plots into three equal sized portions and randomly labels them A, B and C. The four A portions are treated with her old fertilizer. The four B portions are treated with the new fertilizer. The four C portions receive no fertilizer. At harvest time, the corn yield is recorded for each section of land. What is the claim she is testing? A) The average soil field had at least a 15% increase in yield. B) The new fertilizer yielded at least a 15% improvement. C) The A sections had at least a 15% increase in yield. D) The total yield increased at least 15%. 26) 27) What will help insure that the effect of a treatment is not due to some characteristic of a single experimental unit? A) blocking B) randomizing C) replication D) blinding 27) 28) A medical journal published the results of an experiment on depression. The experiment investigated the effects of a controversial new therapy for depression. Researchers measured the depression levels of 98 adult women who suffer moderate conditions of the disorder. After the therapy, the researchers again measured the women's depression levels. The differences between the the pre - and post-therapy depression levels were reported. What is the response variable in this experiment? A) the differences between the the pre- and post-therapy depression levels B) the therapy C) the 98 adult women who suffer from depression D) the disorder (depression or no depression) 28) 4 29) A farmer wishes to test the effects of a new fertilizer on her potato yield. She has four equal-sized plots of land-- one with sandy soil, one with rocky soil, one with clay-rich soil, and one with average soil. She divides each of the four plots into three equal-sized portions and randomly labels them A, B, and C. The four A portions of land are treated with her old fertilizer. The four B portions are treated with the new fertilizer, and the four C's are treated with no fertilizer. At harvest time, the potato yield is recorded for each section of land. How many levels does the treatment have in this experiment? A) 12 (sections of land) B) 4 (rocky, sandy, clay, or average soil) C) 3 (old, new, or no fertilizer) D) 1 (potato yield) 29) 30) A farmer wishes to test the effects of a new fertilizer on her soybean yield. She has four equal-sized plots of land-- one with sandy soil, one with rocky soil, one with clay-rich soil, and one with average soil. She divides each of the four plots into three equal-sized portions and randomly labels them A, B, and C. The four A portions of land are treated with her old fertilizer. The four B portions are treated with the new fertilizer, and the four C's are treated with no fertilizer. At harvest time, the soybean yield is recorded for each section of land. Identify the experimental units. A) the soybean yield at harvest time B) the four types of soil C) the three types of fertilizer D) the soybean plants on the various plots of land 30) 5
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