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All of the following are true as regards polygenic traits, EXCEPT

a.

they are coded for by more than one gene

b.

they can be affected by the environment

c.

many human traits are polygenic

d.

they are simple, monogenic traits

All of the following is accurate regarding cells, EXCEPT

a.

humans start life as a single cell before cell division begins

b.

somatic cells determine the sex of an individual

c.

cell division of the sex cells is an ongoing event in the human body

d.

DNA resides in the nucleus of the cell

e.

cell replication is an ongoing process in the body

Ear wax is a monogenic trait and there are two possible alleles. There is an allele for wet, dry, sticky ear wax and an allele for dry, gray, flaky earwax. Wet ear wax is dominant and dry ear wax is recessive. If an individual has one recessive allele and one dominant allele…

a.

they are heterozygous for this trait

b.

they will have dry ear wax

c.

they are homozygous for this trait

d.

they will have one ear with dry ear wax and one ear with wet ear wax

Typical males have an X and a Y sex chromosome and typical females have two XX’s

a.

this leads to females having more genetic disorders, because females have a matching pair of sex chromosomes

b.

this leads to males having more genetic disorders, because males do not have a matching pair of sex chromosomes

c.

the sex chromosomes don’t have anything to do with the frequency of genetic disorders in females and males

d.

none of the above

Junk DNA

a.

is non-coding DNA and we are just starting to learn how this DNA affects the expression of traits

b.

truly is just junk, it makes up some 2% of the entire human genome

c.

is the DNA that is discarded as speciation occurs

d.

none of the above

The term genotype refers to

a.

an individual’s appearance

b.

humans total number of chromosomes, 46

c.

the genealogical history all humans

d.

the alleles possessed by an organism

Protein Synthesis

a.

DNA has the recipe for making proteins, a DNA sequence determines what protein is produced

b.

protein synthesis results in the production of the 64 amino acids

c.

protein synthesis occurs with the four DNA bases, adenine, cystosine, uracil, thymine

d.

humans are made up of 20 proteins

Recessive alleles

a.

are very rare

b.

are usually harmful

c.

only occur in weaker individuals

d.

will always eventually disappear in a population

e.

none of the above

Evolution takes place within

a.

individuals

b.

cells

c.

DNA

d.

populations

e.

chromosomes

Mutations are

a.

always harmful

b.

always more beneficial than previous forms of the gene

c.

the only source of completely new genetic variation

d.

produced only when there is too much radiation or chemical pollutants in the environment

Gamete sampling or sampling error

a.

is an aspect of gene drift

b.

through random fluctuations from one generation to the next it can lead to dramatic changes in allele frequencies

c.

can result in elimination of an allele or the bringing of an allele to 100% in a population through random fluctuations from one generation to the next

d.

all of the above

e.

a and c only

Bottleneck

a.

is when a group of organisms are trapped in one geographic area

b.

is when there is a severe reduction in the size of a population

c.

is a common event today but was very rare in the past

d.

all of the above

If we see change in the allele frequencies in a population over time

a.

we know that all of the processes of evolution are affecting the population

b.

we know that some or all of the processes of evolution are affecting the population

c.

we know that we have calculated our numbers incorrectly because allele frequencies never change over time

d.

none of the above

Indiana Jones visits the Yanomamo and after testing them finds that only 3 individuals in the small village of 50 people have blood type A. His great granddaughter, Elsie Jones returns after two generations and finds that no one in the village has blood type A any longer. Which process of evolution is likely the cause of these changes?

a.

gene flow

b.

natural selection

c.

gene drift

d.

mutation

The allele that causes an altered form of hemoglobin (Hb) occurs in all human populations as a result of mutation. In some populations, this allele has increased in frequency because it confers some resistance to malaria. Which process of evolution is likely responsible for the change?

a.

gene flow

b.

Natural selection

c.

gene drift

d.

mutation

Gene flow is when,

a.

a population splits in two or more parts

b.

allele frequencies change over long spans of time, many, many generations

c.

there is an exchange of alleles between populations

d.

genes flow and mix together in meiosis

Fission, an aspect of Gene Drift, is when

a.

genes mutate and fission

b.

individuals suffer a breakdown of their reproductive cells

c.

a population splits and two new, different populations are formed

d.

a new species is produced due to fissioning and drifting

Sickle cell exists in high frequencies in certain populations, this can best be explained by

a.

Gene Flow: when populations interact in a malarial environment those homozygous for sickle cell have an advantage

b.

Gene Drift: random events in meiosis in large populations can pass on this trait in very high numbers

c.

Natural Selection: in malarial environments individuals who are heterozygous for sickle cell are fitter

d.

Natural Selection: in malarial environments individuals who are homozygous for sickle cell are fitter

Gene Flow

a.

is never a random event, it is always directional evolution

b.

always works in one particular direction

c.

is when genes flow from one generation to the next

d.

none of the above

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Surname 1
Name
Tutor
Course
Date
Multiple-choice Questions
All of the following are true as regards polygenic traits, EXCEPT
a. they are coded for by more than one gene
b.they can be affected by the environment
c. many human traits are polygenic
d.they are simple, monogenic traits
All of the following is accurate regarding cells, EXCEPT
a. humans start life as a single cell before cell division begins
b.somatic cells determine the sex of an individual
c. cell division of the sex cells is an ongoing event in the human body
d.DNA resides in the nucleus of the cell
e. cell replication is an ongoing process in the body
Ear wax is a monogenic trait and there are two possible alleles. There is an allele for wet, dry,
sticky ear wax and an allele for dry, gray, flaky earwax. Wet ear wax is dominant and dry ear
wax is recessive. If an individual has one recessive allele and one dominant allele…

Surname 2
a. they are heterozygous for this trait
b.they will have dry ear wax
c. they are homozygous for this trait
d.they will have...


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