DBQ—AP/GT US History Directions: The following question requires you to construct a coherent essay that integrates your interpretation of Documents A-H and your knowledge of the period referred to in the question. High scores will be earned only by essays that both cite key pieces of evidence from the documents and draw on outside knowledge of the period. Some of the documents have been edited, and wording and punctuation have been modernized. Although New England and the Chesapeake region were both settled largely by people of English origin, by 1700 the regions had evolved into two distinct societies. Why did this difference in development occur? Use the documents AND your knowledge of the colonial period up to 1700 to develop your answer. Document A Source: John Winthrop, A Model of Christian Charity (written on board the Arabella on the Atlantic Ocean, 1630). God Almighty in his most holy and wise providence hath so disposed of the condition of mankind, [that] in all times some must be rich, some poor, some high and eminent in power and dignity, other mean and in subjection. . . . [Yet] we must be knit together in this work as one man. We must entertain each other in brotherly affection, we must be willing to abridge ourselves of our superfluities, for the supply of others' necessities. We must uphold a familiar commerce together in all meekness, gentleness, patience, and liberality. We must delight in each other, make others' conditions our own, rejoice together, mourn together, labor and suffer together, always having before our eyes our commission and community in the work, our community as members of the same body. So shall we keep the unity of the spirit in the bond of peace. . . . We must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us, so that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken, and so cause him to withdraw his present help from us, we shall be made a story and a by-word through the world. We shall open the mouths of enemies to speak evil of the ways of God, . . . shall shame the faces of many of God's worthy servants, and cause their prayers to be turned into curses upon us. Document B Source: Ship's List of Emigrants Bound for New England. John Porter, Deputy Clerk to Edward Thoroughgood Weymouth, the 20th of March, 1635 1. Joseph Hull, of Somerset, a minister, aged 40 years 2. Agnes Hull, his wife, aged 25 years 3. Joan Hull, his daughter, aged 15 years 4. Joseph Hull, his son, aged 13 years 5. Tristram, his son, aged 11 years 6. Elizabeth Hull, his daughter, aged 7 years 7. Temperance, his daughter, aged 9 years 8. Grissel Hull, his daughter, aged 5 years 9. Dorothy Hull, his daughter, aged 3 years 10. Judith French, his servant, aged 20 years 11. John Wood, his servant, aged 20 years 12. Robert Dabyn, his servant, aged 28 years 13. Musachiell Bernard, of Batcombe, clothier in the county of Somerset, 24 years 14. Mary Bernard, his wife, aged 28 years 15. John Bernard, his son, aged 3 years 16. Nathaniel, his son, aged 1 year 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. Timothy Tabor, in Somerset of Batcombe, tailor, aged 35 years Jane Tabor, his wife, aged 35 years Jane Tabor, his daughter, aged 10 years Anne Tabor, his daughter, aged 8 years Sarah Tabor, his daughter, aged 5 years William Fever, his servant, aged 20 years John Whitmarke, aged 39 years Alice Whitmarke, his wife, aged 35 years James Whitmarke, his son, aged 5 years Jane, his daughter, aged 7 years Onseph Whitmarke, his son, aged 5 years Rich. Whitmarke, his son, aged 2 years 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 103. 104. Robert Lovell, husbandman, aged 40 years Elizabeth Lovell, his wife, aged 35 years Zacheus Lovell, his son, aged 15 years Anne Lovell, his daughter, aged 16 years John Lovell, his son, aged 8 years Ellyn, his daughter, aged 1 year James, his son, aged 1 year Joseph Chickin, his servant, 16 years Alice Kinham, aged 22 years Angell Hollard, aged 21 years Katheryn, his wife, 22 years George Land, his servant, 22 years Sarah Land, his kinswoman, 18 years John Hoble, husbandman, 13 Robert Huste, husbandman, 40 . . . Document C Source: Ship's List of Emigrants Bound for Virginia. Ultimo July, 1635 These underwritten names are to be transported to Virginia, embarked in the Merchant's Hope, Hugh Weston, Master, per examination by the minister of Gravesend touching their conformity to the Church discipline of England, and have taken the oaths of allegiance and supremacy: Edward Towers 26 Jo. Kennedy 20 Henry Woodman 22 Sam Jackson 24 Richard Seems 26 Allin King 19 Vyncent Whatter 17 Rowland Sadler 19 James Whithedd 14 Jo. Phillips 28 Jonas Watts 21 Daniel Endick 16 Peter Loe 22 Jo. Chalk 25 Geo. Brocker 17 Jo. Vynall 20 Henry Eeles 26 Edward Smith 20 Jo. Dennis 22 Jo. Rowlidge 19 Tho. Swayne 23 Wm. Westlie 40 Charles Rinsden 27 Jo. Smith 18 Jo. Exston 17 Jo. Saunders 22 Wm. Luck 14 Tho. Bartcherd 16 Jo. Thomas 19 Tho. Dodderidge 19 Jo. Archer 21 Richard Williams 18 Richard Williams 25 Jo. Ballance 19 Francis Hutton 20 Wm. Baldin 21 Savill Gascoyne 29 Wm. Pen 26 Rich. Bulfell 29 Jo. Gerie 24 Rich. Jones 26 Henry Baylie 18 Tho. Wynes 30 Rich. Anderson 50 Humphrey Williams 22 Robert Kelum 51 Edward Roberts 20 Richard Fanshaw 22 Martin Atkinson 32 Tho. Bradford 40 Edward Atkinson 28 Wm. Spencer 16 Wm. Edwards 30 Marmaduke Ella 22 Nathan Braddock 31 Women: Jeffrey Gurrish 23 Ellin Hawkes 18 Henry Carrell 16 Ann Swayne 22 Tho. Tyle 24 Eliz. Cote 22 Gamaliel White 24 Ann Rice 23 Richard Marks 19 Kat. Wilson 23 Tho. Clever 16 Maudlin Lloyd 24 Jo. Kitchin 16 Mabell Busher 14 Edmond Edwards 20 Annis Hopkins 24 Lewes Miles 19 Ann Mason 24 Bridget Crompe 18 Mary Hawkes 19 Document D Source: Articles of Agreement, Springfield, Massachusetts, 1636. We whose names are underwritten, being by God's providence engaged together to make a plantation . . . do mutually agree to certain articles and orders to be observed and kept by us and by our successors. . . . 1. We intend by God's grace, as soon as we can, with all convenient speed, to procure some Godly and faithful minister with whom we purpose to join in church covenant to walk in all the ways of Christ. 2. We intend that our town shall be composed of forty families, . . . rich and poor. 3. That every inhabitant shall have a convenient proportion for a house lot, as we shall see [fit] for everyone's quality and estate. . . . 5. That everyone shall have a share of the meadow or planting ground. . . . Document E Source: Wage and Price Regulations in Connecticut, 1676. Whereas a great cry of oppression is heard among us, and that principally pointed at workmen and traders, which is hard to regulate without a standard for pay, it is therefore ordered that . . . [prices and wages] be duly set at each of our General Courts annually. . . . [A]ll breaches of this order to be punished proportionable to the value of the oppression. . . . This court . . . in the interim recommends [that] all tradesmen and laborers consider the religious end of their callings, which is that receiving such moderate profit as may enable them to serve God and their neighbors with their arts and trades comfortably, they do not enrich themselves suddenly and inordinately (by oppressing prices and wages) to the impoverishing [of] their neighbors . . . live in the practice of that crying sin of oppression, but avoid it. Document F Source: Captain John Smith, History of Virginia, 1624. When the [large ship] departed, . . . those of us that had money, spare clothes, credit to give bills of payment, gold rings, fur, or any such commodities, were ever welcome to [purchase supplies. The rest of us patiently obeyed our] vile commanders and [bought] our provisions at fifteen times the value, . . . yet did not repine but fasted, lest we should incur the censure of [being] factious and seditious persons. . . . Our ordinary [food] was but meal and water so that this . . . little relieved our wants, whereby with the extremity of the bitter cold frost . . . more than half of us died. The worst [among us were the gold seekers who] with their golden promises made all men their slaves in hope of recompenses. There was no talk . . . but dig gold, wash gold, refine gold, load gold. . . . Smith, perceiving [we lived] from hand to mouth, caused the pinnace [small ship] to be provided with things fitting to get provision for the year following. [Two councilors] Wingfield and Kendall, . . . strengthened themselves with the sailors and other confederates [and planned to go] aboard the pinnace to alter her course and to go for England. Smith had the plot discovered to him. Much trouble he had to prevent it, till with store of saker and musket shot he forced them to stay or sink in the river; which action cost the life of Captain Kendall. These brawls are so disgustful, as some will say, they were better forgotten. Document G Source: Governor Berkeley and His Council on Their Inability to Defend Virginia Against a Dutch Attack, December 1673. We thought it our duty . . . to set forth in this our Declaration, the true state and condition of this country in general and our particular . . . disabilit[y] to . . . [engage in] war at the time of this invasion [by the Dutch]. . . . [We] therefore do most humbly beseech your majesty and your most honorable council to consider that Virginia is intersected by so many vast rivers as makes more miles to defend than we have men of trust to defend them. For by our nearest computation we leave at our backs as many servants (besides Negroes) as there are freemen to defend the shores and all our frontiers [against] the Indians. . . . [This] gives men fearful apprehensions of the danger they leave their estates and families in, while they are drawn from their houses to defend the borders. Also at least one third [of the freemen available for defense] are single freemen (whose labor will hardly maintain them) or men much in debt, . . . [whom] we may reasonably expect upon any small advantage the enemy may gain upon us, . . . [to defect] to them in hopes of bettering their condition by sharing the plunder of the country with them. Bacon’s Rebellion In 1676, Nathaniel Bacon led thousands of angry back-country men against Governor Berkeley of Virginia. The governor was unwilling to fight the Indians who were attacking the settlers because he wanted to preserve the colony’s fur trade. EVENT RESULT ACTION In England, stress between the king, the Catholics and the Puritans " The king followed a policy of “salutary neglect” towards the colonies. " Explosion of migration of those seeking religious refuge and economic opportunity. In Virginia, cash crops such as tobacco, and woodland products thrust Virginia into a “boom” colony. While the “elite” had their land, the new immigrants were left out; they attempted to migrate west. The westward settlers encountered “hostile” natives in their attempt to go west. In Virginia, Gov. Berkeley ruled unchecked by citizens; he gained control of the House of Burgesses. " As a result, Berkeley made $ trading with the Indians. The upper crust of Virginia, known as the “Tidewater elite” formed a political/economic oligarchy. " This ruling class alienated Western settlers called the backcountry gentry, not for the Indians to be only from government, but removed; House of B. from the economy also. & Berkeley refuse to act. The Western lands fill up with landless men seeking land of their own. " They “egg” each other on Doeg Indians murder a white servant. " Bacon leads a retaliatory strike against Indians. Berkeley mad because $ are being lost. Berkeley/House label Bacon a rebel; order his arrest. " Bacon convinces House to back him. New elections. House elections result in a landslide for the Bacon side. " Bacon and army march Bacon’s laws/reforms limit power of gov. form of equal Berkeley no military and actively look for a reason action; does offer to wage war on the Indians. protection for the settlers. on Jamestown; Berkeley gives in. Berkeley convinces House to reissue arrest orders for Bacon and his army. " Berkeley moves to stop enforcement of new laws. Bacon’s army heads back out west. " Bacon dies there of dysentery. Berkeley, who had fled Jamestown shortly after Bacon burned the city, returns to Jamestown and regains control. " “Tidewater elite” recognize danger of landless men, therefore, indenture servitude and Black slavery increase. IMPORTANCE? representation in H. Bacon and army burn Jamestown. Army disbands. Berkeley arrests/hangs rebels and crushes rebellion. Those already in the west continue to fight with the Indian tribes. Responds to the prompt with a historically defensible thesis/claim that establishes a line of reasoning. Describes a broader historical context relevant to the prompt. Supports an argument in response to the prompt using specific and relevant examples of evidence. Demonstrates a complex understanding of the historical development that is the focus of the prompt, using evidence to corroborate, qualify, or modify an argument that addresses the question.
Purchase answer to see full attachment