DBQ—AP/GT US History
Directions: The following question requires you to construct a coherent essay that
integrates your interpretation of Documents A-H and your knowledge of the period
referred to in the question. High scores will be earned only by essays that both cite key
pieces of evidence from the documents and draw on outside knowledge of the period.
Some of the documents have been edited, and wording and punctuation have been
modernized.
Although New England and the Chesapeake region were both settled largely by people of
English origin, by 1700 the regions had evolved into two distinct societies. Why did this
difference in development occur?
Use the documents AND your knowledge of the colonial period up to 1700 to develop
your answer.
Document A
Source: John Winthrop, A Model of Christian Charity (written on board the Arabella on
the Atlantic Ocean, 1630).
God Almighty in his most holy and wise providence hath so disposed of the condition of
mankind, [that] in all times some must be rich, some poor, some high and eminent in
power and dignity, other mean and in subjection. . . . [Yet] we must be knit together in
this work as one man. We must entertain each other in brotherly affection, we must be
willing to abridge ourselves of our superfluities, for the supply of others' necessities. We
must uphold a familiar commerce together in all meekness, gentleness, patience, and
liberality. We must delight in each other, make others' conditions our own, rejoice
together, mourn together, labor and suffer together, always having before our eyes our
commission and community in the work, our community as members of the same body.
So shall we keep the unity of the spirit in the bond of peace. . . . We must consider that
we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us, so that if we shall
deal falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken, and so cause him to withdraw
his present help from us, we shall be made a story and a by-word through the world. We
shall open the mouths of enemies to speak evil of the ways of God, . . . shall shame the
faces of many of God's worthy servants, and cause their prayers to be turned into curses
upon us.
Document B
Source: Ship's List of Emigrants Bound for New England.
John Porter, Deputy Clerk to Edward Thoroughgood
Weymouth, the 20th of March, 1635
1. Joseph Hull, of Somerset, a minister, aged 40 years
2. Agnes Hull, his wife, aged 25 years
3. Joan Hull, his daughter, aged 15 years
4. Joseph Hull, his son, aged 13 years
5. Tristram, his son, aged 11 years
6. Elizabeth Hull, his daughter, aged 7 years
7. Temperance, his daughter, aged 9 years
8. Grissel Hull, his daughter, aged 5 years
9. Dorothy Hull, his daughter, aged 3 years
10. Judith French, his servant, aged 20 years
11. John Wood, his servant, aged 20 years
12. Robert Dabyn, his servant, aged 28 years
13. Musachiell Bernard, of Batcombe, clothier in the county of Somerset, 24 years
14. Mary Bernard, his wife, aged 28 years
15. John Bernard, his son, aged 3 years
16. Nathaniel, his son, aged 1 year
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
Timothy Tabor, in Somerset of Batcombe, tailor, aged 35 years
Jane Tabor, his wife, aged 35 years
Jane Tabor, his daughter, aged 10 years
Anne Tabor, his daughter, aged 8 years
Sarah Tabor, his daughter, aged 5 years
William Fever, his servant, aged 20 years
John Whitmarke, aged 39 years
Alice Whitmarke, his wife, aged 35 years
James Whitmarke, his son, aged 5 years
Jane, his daughter, aged 7 years
Onseph Whitmarke, his son, aged 5 years
Rich. Whitmarke, his son, aged 2 years
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
103.
104.
Robert Lovell, husbandman, aged 40 years
Elizabeth Lovell, his wife, aged 35 years
Zacheus Lovell, his son, aged 15 years
Anne Lovell, his daughter, aged 16 years
John Lovell, his son, aged 8 years
Ellyn, his daughter, aged 1 year
James, his son, aged 1 year
Joseph Chickin, his servant, 16 years
Alice Kinham, aged 22 years
Angell Hollard, aged 21 years
Katheryn, his wife, 22 years
George Land, his servant, 22 years
Sarah Land, his kinswoman, 18 years
John Hoble, husbandman, 13
Robert Huste, husbandman, 40 . . .
Document C
Source: Ship's List of Emigrants Bound for Virginia.
Ultimo July, 1635
These underwritten names are to be transported to Virginia, embarked in the Merchant's
Hope, Hugh Weston, Master, per examination by the minister of Gravesend touching
their conformity to the Church discipline of England, and have taken the oaths of
allegiance and supremacy:
Edward Towers
26
Jo. Kennedy
20
Henry Woodman
22
Sam Jackson
24
Richard Seems
26
Allin King
19
Vyncent Whatter
17
Rowland Sadler
19
James Whithedd
14
Jo. Phillips
28
Jonas Watts
21
Daniel Endick
16
Peter Loe
22
Jo. Chalk
25
Geo. Brocker
17
Jo. Vynall
20
Henry Eeles
26
Edward Smith
20
Jo. Dennis
22
Jo. Rowlidge
19
Tho. Swayne
23
Wm. Westlie
40
Charles Rinsden
27
Jo. Smith
18
Jo. Exston
17
Jo. Saunders
22
Wm. Luck
14
Tho. Bartcherd
16
Jo. Thomas
19
Tho. Dodderidge
19
Jo. Archer
21
Richard Williams
18
Richard Williams
25
Jo. Ballance
19
Francis Hutton
20
Wm. Baldin
21
Savill Gascoyne
29
Wm. Pen
26
Rich. Bulfell
29
Jo. Gerie
24
Rich. Jones
26
Henry Baylie
18
Tho. Wynes
30
Rich. Anderson
50
Humphrey Williams 22
Robert Kelum
51
Edward Roberts
20
Richard Fanshaw
22
Martin Atkinson
32
Tho. Bradford
40
Edward Atkinson
28
Wm. Spencer
16
Wm. Edwards
30
Marmaduke Ella
22
Nathan Braddock
31
Women:
Jeffrey Gurrish
23
Ellin Hawkes
18
Henry Carrell
16
Ann Swayne
22
Tho. Tyle
24
Eliz. Cote
22
Gamaliel White
24
Ann Rice
23
Richard Marks
19
Kat. Wilson
23
Tho. Clever
16
Maudlin Lloyd
24
Jo. Kitchin
16
Mabell Busher
14
Edmond Edwards
20
Annis Hopkins
24
Lewes Miles
19
Ann Mason
24
Bridget Crompe
18
Mary Hawkes
19
Document D
Source: Articles of Agreement, Springfield, Massachusetts, 1636.
We whose names are underwritten, being by God's providence engaged together to make
a plantation . . . do mutually agree to certain articles and orders to be observed and kept
by us and by our successors. . . .
1.
We intend by God's grace, as soon as we can, with all convenient speed, to
procure some Godly and faithful minister with whom we purpose to join in church
covenant to walk in all the ways of Christ.
2.
We intend that our town shall be composed of forty families, . . . rich and poor.
3.
That every inhabitant shall have a convenient proportion for a house lot, as we
shall see [fit] for everyone's quality and estate. . . .
5.
That everyone shall have a share of the meadow or planting ground. . . .
Document E
Source: Wage and Price Regulations in Connecticut, 1676.
Whereas a great cry of oppression is heard among us, and that principally pointed at
workmen and traders, which is hard to regulate without a standard for pay, it is therefore
ordered that . . . [prices and wages] be duly set at each of our General Courts annually. . .
. [A]ll breaches of this order to be punished proportionable to the value of the oppression.
. . . This court . . . in the interim recommends [that] all tradesmen and laborers consider
the religious end of their callings, which is that receiving such moderate profit as may
enable them to serve God and their neighbors with their arts and trades comfortably, they
do not enrich themselves suddenly and inordinately (by oppressing prices and wages) to
the impoverishing [of] their neighbors . . . live in the practice of that crying sin of
oppression, but avoid it.
Document F
Source: Captain John Smith, History of Virginia, 1624.
When the [large ship] departed, . . . those of us that had money, spare clothes, credit to
give bills of payment, gold rings, fur, or any such commodities, were ever welcome to
[purchase supplies. The rest of us patiently obeyed our] vile commanders and [bought]
our provisions at fifteen times the value, . . . yet did not repine but fasted, lest we should
incur the censure of [being] factious and seditious persons. . . . Our ordinary [food] was
but meal and water so that this . . . little relieved our wants, whereby with the extremity
of the bitter cold frost . . . more than half of us died.
The worst [among us were the gold seekers who] with their golden promises made all
men their slaves in hope of recompenses. There was no talk . . . but dig gold, wash gold,
refine gold, load gold. . . . Smith, perceiving [we lived] from hand to mouth, caused the
pinnace [small ship] to be provided with things fitting to get provision for the year
following.
[Two councilors] Wingfield and Kendall, . . . strengthened themselves with the sailors
and other confederates [and planned to go] aboard the pinnace to alter her course and to
go for England.
Smith had the plot discovered to him. Much trouble he had to prevent it, till with store of
saker and musket shot he forced them to stay or sink in the river; which action cost the
life of Captain Kendall.
These brawls are so disgustful, as some will say, they were better forgotten.
Document G
Source: Governor Berkeley and His Council on Their Inability to Defend Virginia
Against a Dutch Attack, December 1673.
We thought it our duty . . . to set forth in this our Declaration, the true state and condition
of this country in general and our particular . . . disabilit[y] to . . . [engage in] war at the
time of this invasion [by the Dutch]. . . . [We] therefore do most humbly beseech your
majesty and your most honorable council to consider that Virginia is intersected by so
many vast rivers as makes more miles to defend than we have men of trust to defend
them. For by our nearest computation we leave at our backs as many servants (besides
Negroes) as there are freemen to defend the shores and all our frontiers [against] the
Indians. . . . [This] gives men fearful apprehensions of the danger they leave their estates
and families in, while they are drawn from their houses to defend the borders. Also at
least one third [of the freemen available for defense] are single freemen (whose labor will
hardly maintain them) or men much in debt, . . . [whom] we may reasonably expect upon
any small advantage the enemy may gain upon us, . . . [to defect] to them in hopes of
bettering their condition by sharing the plunder of the country with them.
Bacon’s Rebellion
In 1676, Nathaniel Bacon led thousands of angry back-country men against
Governor Berkeley of Virginia. The governor was unwilling to fight the
Indians who were attacking the settlers because he wanted to preserve the
colony’s fur trade.
EVENT
RESULT
ACTION
In England, stress between
the king, the Catholics and the
Puritans
"
The king followed a policy of
“salutary neglect” towards the
colonies.
"
Explosion of migration
of those seeking religious
refuge and economic
opportunity.
In Virginia, cash crops such
as tobacco, and woodland
products thrust Virginia
into a “boom” colony.
While the “elite” had
their land, the new
immigrants were left
out; they attempted to
migrate west.
The westward settlers
encountered “hostile”
natives in their
attempt to go west.
In Virginia, Gov. Berkeley
ruled unchecked by citizens;
he gained control of the House
of Burgesses.
"
As a result, Berkeley made
$ trading with the Indians.
The upper crust of Virginia,
known as the “Tidewater elite”
formed a political/economic
oligarchy.
"
This ruling class alienated Western settlers called
the backcountry gentry, not for the Indians to be
only from government, but removed; House of B.
from the economy also.
& Berkeley refuse to
act.
The Western lands fill up
with landless men seeking
land of their own.
"
They “egg” each other on
Doeg Indians murder a
white servant.
"
Bacon leads a
retaliatory strike against
Indians.
Berkeley mad because
$ are being lost.
Berkeley/House label Bacon
a rebel; order his arrest. "
Bacon convinces House
to back him.
New elections.
House elections result in
a landslide for the Bacon side. "
Bacon and army march
Bacon’s laws/reforms
limit power of gov.
form of equal
Berkeley no military
and actively look for a reason
action; does offer
to wage war on the Indians. protection for the
settlers.
on Jamestown; Berkeley
gives in.
Berkeley convinces House
to reissue arrest orders for
Bacon and his army. "
Berkeley moves to
stop enforcement of
new laws.
Bacon’s army heads back
out west.
"
Bacon dies there of
dysentery.
Berkeley, who had fled
Jamestown shortly after
Bacon burned the city,
returns to Jamestown and
regains control.
"
“Tidewater elite”
recognize danger of
landless men, therefore,
indenture servitude and
Black slavery increase.
IMPORTANCE?
representation in H.
Bacon and army burn
Jamestown.
Army disbands.
Berkeley arrests/hangs
rebels and crushes
rebellion. Those
already in the west
continue to fight
with the Indian tribes.
Responds to the prompt with a historically
defensible thesis/claim that establishes a line of
reasoning.
Describes a broader historical context relevant to
the prompt.
Supports an argument in response to the prompt
using specific and relevant examples of evidence.
Demonstrates a complex understanding of the
historical development that is the focus of the
prompt, using evidence to corroborate, qualify, or
modify an argument that addresses the question.
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