terrorism paper

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Nasser Alshakwan Introduction Global terrorism is currently on the rise and international security agencies are yet to control its continued growth. Many terrorist groups are emerging in different countries across the world, which is threatening the peace and stability that most regions have enjoyed many years now. The levels of extremism and radical views on various religious and political topics have grown so high, which is even threatening a further surge in the levels of global terrorism in the coming years (Cordesman). The situation is worsening with each day despite the efforts some countries and international agencies are implementing with the aim of controlling the continued rise of global terrorism. There are many factors that continue to make global terrorism persistent despite the resources set aside to address it. The current paper will undertake an extensive review of literature on the views and perspectives regarding the factors that have motivated the continued persistent of global terrorism. Background Information The 9/11 attacks in New York marked the worst ever terrorist attack globally. The United States, a country with the strongest military and with the largest defense budget, became a victim of what would become the worst trend of global terrorism in the history of the world. The perpetrators of the crime, who also claimed responsibility of the attack, were Al Qaeda, a terrorist group that had attracted global attention after the 1998 bombings of the US embassies in Nairobi, Kenya and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Reed). The US then became aware of the threat that it was facing from Al Qaeda, which had managed to inspire individuals to join its violent cause and motivate the emergence of other terrorist groups elsewhere across the world. Following the devastating events of 9/11, the US government formed a commission of enquiry, which investigated the possible events, which could have led to the undertaking of the worst attack in the history of the country. The commission later published a report whose findings formed the basis of the US anti-terrorism strategy, which has remained under implementation to date. Despite the efforts of the US, the funding and pledges of support from many countries, globally, the threat of terrorism has remained persistent, with no proper strategy being formulated to address the factors that lead to its persistence. LITERATURE REVIEW Terrorism is a menace that has been rampant in the current society. When terrorism hits the international margins and borders, havoc is bound to arise. Before remedying the widespread influence of terrorism around the globe, an extensive analysis of the factors that contribute to this nuisance has to be done. Every calamity that befalls man has its origin likewise terrorism has its origin and causes. This paper tries to draw the attention of the reader to the factors that contribute to the widespread of terrorism around the globe. An analysis of different studies and articles will also be evaluated to try and narrow down the most common causes of terrorism. Many research articles have tried to tackle the issue of terrorism and its cause in the current world. The main factors that drive terrorism are attributed to social factors and setting. According to, (Grove, 2016), individuals who turn out to be terrorist are either influenced by the social and political environments. Grove asserts that aspects such as poverty and violence in a social setting usually drive individuals to become terrorists. Individuals engage in terrorist activities as an excuse to air out their grievances in the face of oppression. The most dangerous countries that are hot zones for terrorist attacks are countries in the Middle East. These countries usually face persecution, and most of them are third world countries that are still wallowing in poverty and struggling to develop in terms of infrastructure and economically. Political injustices and oppression are also a vital contributing factor to terrorist attacks. Grove argues that a country that is enslaved by its political affiliation and leaders resorts to terrorism as a way of liberating themselves. Politicians usually have the finances and the necessary resources to fund terrorist activities. Thus such high profile individuals and wealthy persons also influence terrorist attacks. Middle-class people and the poor are influenced into undertaking risky activities such as suicide bombing so that their families can be compensated by the rich. Poverty is not directly associated with terrorism, but it’s an indirect factor that influences terror attacks. Religious affiliations such as Islam also contribute to terrorism. In one research article ‘Does oppressed religious liberty cause an uprising in terror attack,’ Miller asserts that some Muslim countries believe that through the spirit of Jihad they are entitled to unleash terror on Islamic enemies. Islamic movements such as the Al-Qaeda and Al Shabaab are among the biggest Islamic movements that wedge terrorist war on other nations. (Miller, 2016), maintains his claim that religious oppression fuels up terrorism. Individuals from the Islamic group, claim that they are upholding God’s word through Jihad. However, these individuals only launch terrorist attacks on innocent individuals for their personal reasons and interests. The most horrifying, terror attack that brought the world to its knees, was the September 11 terrorist attack back in 2001. (Max Roser et al., 2018), critically analyses the causes and effects of the 9/11 attacks that were carried out by al Qaeda. Many theories and possible causes were drawn from the attack. One person of interest in the September 11 terrorist attack was Osama Bin Laden, a well-renowned terrorist. Some of the causes of the 9/11 terrorist attacks might have been as a result of encouraging Muslims to always follow the Jihad spirit. America has been a long- serving enemy of many Islamic countries and often sanction and ban Islamic activities and relations in America. The view of Jihad upholds and strives for the struggle and fight against Muslim enemies and America was one of them hence the 9/11 attacks. Max Roser advances his claims on the topic of terrorism by declaring that the Internet also plays a crucial role in facilitating terrorist attacks. The internet is a platform that is used for communication purposes, but terrorists use the internet to plot their schemes, Showcase videos of their terrorists’ attacks and even recruit amateurs into their terrorist groups. For instance, The Islamic State (ISIS) uses the internet to recruit many fighters in their course and terror activities. In the article ‘The interaction of religion and terrorism,’ (Tarlow, 2017), attests that aside from religion there are other non- religious factors that cause terrorism. Tarlow tries to cover the aspect of economic impunity and unequal distribution of resources as causes of terrorism. When the economy of a country does not aim at providing equal opportunities to individuals, then this becomes a problem. To fill the economic gap, individuals engage in terrorism to try and solicit funds and other resources from other nations at the expense of innocent people. Tarlow also revisits the standpoints of other researchers such as Dr. Zalmah who sternly declares that terrorism is caused by the belief that violence justifies the means to an end. (Tarlow, 2017), In other words, many people who turned out to be terrorists believed that violence was the last resort to their current predicaments. For them, there was no other choice or option other than inflicting terror on others. A person who resorts to violence as their only hope is one that has faced and experienced violence at first hand. It’s no wonder many individuals who originate from countries that are faced with wars turn out to be the most lethal terrorists. References Cordesman, Anthony. Global Trends in Terrorism: 1970-2016. Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2017. csis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fspublic/publication/170828_global_terrorism_update_0.pdf?cGXk7lPZWBjWdjmuwfqQ lOdr.MwyX5by. Accessed 5 Sept. 2018. Reed, Alastair. "Al Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent: A New Frontline in the Global Jihadist Movement?" Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism Studies, 2016. Groves, A. (2016). Discuss and Evaluate the Relationship between Poverty and Terrorism. EInternational Relations. Miller, A. N. (2016). Does Oppressed Religious Liberty Cause an Uprising in Terror Attacks?. The Kennesaw Journal of Undergraduate Research, 4(1), 2 Tarlow, P. (2017). The interaction of religion and terrorism. International Journal of Safety and Security in Tourism and Hospitality, 1(16), 1. Max Roser, Mohamed Nagdy and Hannah Ritchie (January, 2018) - "Terrorism". Retrieved from: https://ourworldindata.org/terrorism
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OUTLINE FOR HYPOTHESES AND JUSTIFICATION, TERRORISM PAPER
The following parts were added on your terrorism paper:
Hypothesis
Terrorism instigated incidents have significantly spread into more countries of the world
over time since 2010. Majority of the terrorist attacks are religiously motivated. Global terrorism
continues to rise despite the many efforts some countries and international agencies are
implementing because of diminished unity among the superpower nations like the USA and rise
that often taking opposing sides. Terrorism activities significantly stunt the economic growth of
victim countries.

Justification
The use of violence or threats of violence to pursue religious, ideological or political ends
has existed over time. In the ancient times, terrorism was associated with governments reigning
terror to intimidate the regime’s enemies and to also compel people to obey the state. Up until the
19th century, terrorism began to be associated with groups that were not part of the government
with religious, political or ideological ends to satisfy by unleashing terror (Shultz, 2006). It is in
this 19th century that sophisticated weapons for terrorism were made like explosives particularly
dynamite. Political movements became very influential as well in what was comprehensively
called modern terrorism.

Terrorist attacks on US embassies in Nairobi Kenya and Dar-Es-Salaam in Tanzania in
1998 and the September 11 bombings in New York, US in 2001 attracted global attention to the
terrorist menace. Ever since 9/11, several countries including Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Somalia,

Syria, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, France, Germany and so many more have been hit by deadly terrorist
attacks that have claimed thousands and thousands of innocent people and left several with
irreversible disabilities. The terrorist activities growing rampant ignited a desperate concern for
many countries over how to try and find ways to contain the menace. As a result, many countries
more especially those that have been hit before have heavily invested their time and resources to
fight this terrorism scourge. However, despite the concerted and spirited efforts put in by these
countries to contain or eradicate terrorism, terrorist incidents have persistently continued, pouring
cold water on the efforts to fight it.

The fight against terrorism continues, but the results seem pretty underwhelming.
Terrorism has caused significant damaging effects on economic growth, negatively affected
foreign direct investments, raised the costs of doing business on the international front, brought
massive psychological and emotional impacts on the affected families and robbed victim countries
of valuable human resources in the casualties, thereby decimating the development made by the
countries over time. In light of the ever increasing terrorism instigated violence witnessed in the
world, there is a need to research on the reasons why global terrorism continues to exist even after
being fought from all fronts ("The World for Ransom: Piracy Is Terrorism, Terrorism Is Piracy",
2011). There is need to research on the motivations and trigger factors of terrorism that has made
it difficult to do away with. There is acute need to carry out a proper, result -oriented terrorism
diagnosis to ...


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