This is a great resource for all things APA: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ APA References Page 1. Should begin on new page 2. Have “References” bolded, in all caps, and centered at the top of page 3. Alphabetize by last name of first author 4. Only capitalize “major” words in article title and journal title 5. No reason to use quotes, or underline anything 6. If more than 6 authors, just list first 6. Journal Articles Smith, L. (2004). Boston is so much better when it’s not winter. Journal of Communication, 32(4), 76-79. Note: 32 is Volume, 4 is Issue, 76-79 are page numbers. If no issue provided, no big deal! Smith, L., & Strickland, K. (2004). Boston is so much better when it’s not winter. Journal of Communication, 32(4), 76-79. Smith, L., Strickland, K., & Hood, V. (2004). Boston is so much better when it’s not winter. Journal of Communication, 32(4), 76-79. Book Smith, L. (2007). Boston is so much better when it’s not winter. New York, NY: Routledge. Chapter in a book Smith, L., Strickland, K., & Hood, V. (2001). Boston is so much better when it’s not winter. In A. A. Editor & B. B. Editor (Eds.), Guide to life in Boston (pp. 34-48). New York, NY: Routledge. Website/Organization (no authors) Centers for Disease Control. (2014). Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance, 2012. United States Department of Health & Human Services. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/sTD/stats12/Surv2012.pdf Newspaper Article Smith, L. (2016, May 4). Boston is so much better when it’s not winter. The Boston Globe. Retrieved from [URL here] Online Forum Author/Screen Name (2016, July 1). Title of message/thread here. Message posted to [URL here] APA In-Text Citations Journal Articles One author: (Jones, 2003) Two authors: (Jones & Smith, 2003) Three authors, first citation: (Jones, Smith, & Franklin, 2003) Three authors, any & all additional citations: (Jones et al., 2003) 4-5 authors: Same rules apply for three authors (list all on first citation, then et al. for all subsequent citations) 6+ authors, first citation: (Jones et al., 2003). 2+ works in same parentheses: Organize alphabetically by first author (Jones, 2003; Thomas & Smith, 2005). *Note: Only use page numbers for direct quotes Example: “I like hockey” (Jones, 2003, p. 31) Website (Centers for Disease Control, 2014) (Boston Public Health Department, 2015) Idea!!! Checkpoint#1 In recent years, with the rapid development of cities and the increase of life pressure, the incidence of mental diseases such as depression and anxiety has been increasing year by year. In this way, the health issues about depression and anxiety become my focus. In fact, this health issue of depression and anxiety are not far away us. Many news reports of suicides among depressed patients confirm this. This mental illness is also being paid more and more attention to by the public. However, public is little known about this health condition, even have false perceptions and impressions. Crucially, people in patients with depression and anxiety often do not know the factor of their illness and do not know when it began. Therefore, I really want to have a deeper awareness and understand more about this health issue, and that's also the reason why I'm interested in this health topic. My campaign will focus on the foreign student groups in the United States. The United States is the most advanced and prosperous developed country in the world. This makes the United States to be the top destination for many international students studying abroad. Therefore, compared with other countries, the group of international students in the United States needs to face more pressure and difficulties from various sides including the study pressure, social pressure or even survival pressure. In a fact, I am also an American international student, which makes me pay more attention to the symptoms of depression and anxiety in the American international students. What's more, I've had a tendency to be mildly anxious and depressed in the past due to stress, but I'm lucky. Therefore, the goal of my campaign will aim to increase in more knowledge about this health problem of depression and anxiety, then achieve to change some incorrect and negative behaviors by understanding about this health problems. I think it's very important because depression and anxiety disorders can directly affect a person's work and life, causing him to lose faith and joy in life. Dark and negative emotions replace positive and optimistic ones, which is very painful and scary. Learning more about depression and anxiety can help us change some of the wrong behaviors and mindsets. As I mentioned above, too many people don't understand anxiety and depression. There are even more or less common misconceptions about these diseases. These misunderstandings have led them to adopt some incorrect attitudes and practices. Even if these behaviors are well-intentioned, they add to the patient's misery in some ways. Audiences might be receptive because my campaign will assist them to correctly understand and recognize depression and anxiety, then regain a positive mindset and correct behavior for picking themselves up in order to stop drowning in negative state. -------------------feedback from teacher -----------------(1) You'll want to make your lit review focus as much as possible on depression/anxiety issues as experienced by international students. That being said, some of the consequences of these mental health issues are of course going to be broader/more universal so you can find less-specific research where appropriate. (2) I'm not really sure where the "rapid development of cities" comes into this. It seems like the topic is more about being an international student studying abroad and the challenges that entails. You'll want to focus on these challenges -- highlight literature about international students and the challenges/pressures that may be unique to their circumstances. (3) I really like the idea of doing some type of campaign that reaches out to international students in a way that brings them together for social support, events, etc., to bridge some of the gaps that may exist. (4) The U.S. is probably too broad for this paper. Instead consider a particular city, series of schools, etc., so you can really get into the nitty-gritty of your campaign and be as specific as possible. (5) I would be curious if there are differences based on things like country of origin, years in the U.S., knowledge of cultural norms, etc., so see if you can find any literature on these (and other) possible differences that would be worth knowing/addressing for your campaign proposal. Introduction and Literature Review Draft (100 points) Grading Rubric Grading Criteria Excellent Very Good Average Weak Not attempted 12 points 10 points 8 points 4 points 0 points Excellent Very Good Average Weak Not attempted 12 points 10 points 8 points 4 points 0 points Excellent Very Good Average Weak Not attempted 10 points 8 points 7 points 4 points 0 points Excellent Very Good Average Weak Not attempted 6 points 4 points 3 points 2 points 0 points Excellent Very Good Average Weak Poor 5 points 4 points 3 points 2 points 1 points Grammar, Layout, Order Excellent Very Good Average Weak Poor Correct grammar, spelling, punctuation; student uses own words, effective use of transitions throughout paper; paper flows logically 5 points 4 points 3 points 2 point 1 points Introduction Provides clear, concise, and effective explanation of purpose of proposal, why the health issue is important (particularly to the target audience), expected contributions of proposal, and a preview of the paper. Literature Review – Health Issue Lit review includes concise, well-articulated, and focused summary of health issue with particular attention to how it affects the target audience (e.g., prevalence, risk factors, preventive behaviors, trends); no extraneous information or redundancy Literature Review – Theory All relevant details about the theory included (e.g. key assumptions, constructs, predictions, relevance to health issue of interest) as well as rationale for its applicability to proposal in your own words. Examples of how theory informs campaign provided. Paper Preview Preview second part of paper; provide clear, realistic, and measurable overall campaign objective(s) that will guide proposal. In-text Citations, References, APA Style Lit review contains at least 15 scholarly sources cited in-text with accompanying reference section. All citations in-text and References section follow APA style. TOTAL: _____/50 X 2 = ______ Research Paper Outline For Checkpoint #2 I. Introduction (about 2 pages) 1. Health Issue (1 page) Brief overview: What is the health problem, why does it matter, group(s) most affected, throw in a key statistic or two about prevalence, mortality, and trends to highlight issue importance 2. Paper preview (about .5-1 page) Why campaign is needed, target audience(s), short- and long-term potential benefits that could result from campaign, what readers should expect from remainder of paper II. Literature Review (about 6-8 pages) 1. Health Issue (3-4 pages): Statistics: Prevalence, incidence, who is most at risk (demographics, psychographics, behavioral factors), trends in health issue Short- and long-term consequences: Physical, social, psychological Risk Factors: Consider intrapersonal, interpersonal, and societal influences; knowledge/skills, if it cooccurs with other behaviors Protective behaviors: Knowledge/skills; attitudes; motivations How much attention has issue received from past/current health campaigns, the media, etc? 2. Target audience (1.5-2 pages) Why this group, primary and secondary audiences, how/why they are affected, any information on preferred communication channels, receptiveness to change, trends over time 3. Theory (1.5-2 pages) Key assumptions of the theory Key constructs (cite research) AND use examples related to your health issue (use own words) Explain how theory could/does guide campaign, can include visual model, whether theory has been applied to guide campaigns about issue 4. Introduce rest of paper (1 page) (see my note below) Proposal: Preview second half of paper; conclude with measurable, time-bound campaign objectives. **Remember, this is only the first part of the paper. You will later write about how you would recruit participants to learn about the health issue, the timeframe for the proposed campaign, how you would evaluate success, etc. Literature Reviews What’s a Lit Review? • Provides thorough overview of topic (1) Discusses published information on a particular subject -Synthesizes what is known (2) Identifies “gaps” in research Step 1: Define a Topic • Topic should be: – Interesting to you – Important aspect of the field – Well-defined issue Step 2: Search (and re-search) the Literature • Keep track of the search terms you use • If you see a useful paper, download it right then • Create folders (e.g., health issue, theory) • *Seek previous reviews of issue/campaign • *Look at References section for useful articles • See if certain authors repeatedly come up Step 3: Take notes or highlight • Don’t read every (or any!) paper all the way through • Jot down noteworthy info while reviewing papers – Look to Abstract, Methods, Discussion section Step 4: Start “Writing” • Don’t try to write this in a “top down” manner • Decide key sections that you want to discuss – And/or see if certain topics appear in articles • Add sentences/key points in appropriate sections • Synthesize – more is less! • ALWAYS add author(s) after sentence – Cite, cite, cite Step 5: Keep Review Focused • Ask yourself if information is relevant, necessary, and contributes something of value Step 6: Be Critical • Acknowledge what others have done, but use their study “limitations” to propose contributions that your proposal/critique can make Step 7: Get Feedback • Writing Center, friends, family, etc. • Ask if they have any questions about issue that are not covered Some general advice • Identify themes/big picture ideas – Don’t make each paragraph a new study • Use your own words/voice • Explain how studies guide and/or relate to your project • Keep it relevant – If your proposal targets college students, aim for literature focused on that age group • 7-page lit review with no redundancy > 10-page lit review with redundancy
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