Data Analysis for a Research Proposal

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Mathematics

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Daytona Beach

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In this assignment, we will continue to build upon the foundations laid by the readings and coursework up to this point. Consider the following problem: Astronauts on extended missions, such as those who may go to Mars, may have increased anxiety levels that can be very problematic in enclosed areas or in space suits. You wish to determine which method of anxiety reduction is best without affecting safety or astronaut performance/health. The three options are: medication, meditation practice, or both.

Based upon this information, write Section III of a research proposal (as outlined in Chapter 5 of the book) to include the data needed, how the data would be collected methodology, and treatment(s). Be sure to use a correlational, quasi-experimental, or experimental design as outlined in the readings. Table 7.1 is helpful in insuring that you adequately describe your design.

The assignment should be at least two (2) pages (size 12 font, double spaced) not including references, title pages, figures, or tables.

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198 Chapter 7 Experimen TABLE 7.1 Summary of Experimental and Ex Post Facto Designs Comments on the Design Name of the Design Goal of the Research Graphic Depiction Pre-Experimental Designs Group Time → 1. One-shot To show that one event experimental (a treatment) precedes case study another event (the observation) Obs Tx Group 1 Shows a before-and-after sequence but cannot substantiate that it re- flects a cause-and-effect relationship Provides a measure of change but yields no conclusive results about the cause of the change, Fails to determine pretreatment equivalence of groups 2. One group Time -> To show that change occurs after a treatment Group Group 1 Obs Tx pretest- posttest design Obs Time → 3. Static group comparison To show that a group receiving a treatment behaves differently than a group receiving no treatment Obs Group Group 1 Group 2 Tx Obs True Experimental Designs Group Time → Controls for many potential threats to internal validity. 4. Pretest- posttest control-group design To show that change occurs following, but only following, a particular treatment Obs Group 1 Obs Tx Random Assignment Group 2 Obs - Obs Time → 5. Solomon four-group design To investigate the possible effect of pretesting Obs Tx Obs Enables the researcher to determine how pretesting might affect the final out- come observed. Group Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Obs Obs Random Assignment Tx Obs - Obs Group Time → 6. Posttest- To determine the effects only of a treatment when pre- control-group testing cannot or should design not occur Group 1 Tx Obs Random Assignment Uses the last two groups in the Solomon four-group design: random assign- ment to groups is critical for maximizing group equivalence Group 2 Obs Group Time → 7. Within- subjects design To compare the relative effects of different treatments for the same participants Tx, Group 1 Obs Obsp Useful only when effects of each treatment are temporary and localized. Тхь 8. Nonran- domized control-group pretest- posttest design Quasi-Experimental Designs Group Time → Group 1 Obs Group 2 Obs Tx To show that two groups are equivalent with respect to the depen- dent variable prior to the treatment, thus eliminating initial group differences as an expla- nation for posttreatment differences Obs - Obs Differs from experimental designs because test and control groups are not totally equivalent; equiva- lence on the pretest en sures equivalence only for variables that have specifi- cally been measured.
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