Petroleum engineering lab report

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i have written my lab report but it is not perfect, plus there may be some calculation to be done, I have attached my report, report guile and the experiment manual. the results are in the report. and the experiment pages are from 7 to 14 in the lab manual.

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Phase Behavior PNGE-332-004 Lab Saturation Pressure of a Binary System Using PVT Simulator Mohammad Edrees 800213446 Group G3 Sep/6/2018 Cover letter Dear (Dr. Ebrahim Fathi), Please find enclosed the report prepared for the “Saturation Pressure of a Binary System Using PVT Simulator” lab experiment carried out on (Sep/20/2018). This experiment helps find the phase envelop of mixture of two component(carbon dioxide and butane) by adding carbon dioxide to the butane in a certain amount of moles, for example 0.1 mole per total mole, and find the bubble point for each concertation, which is the point where the first gas molecule appear, and by that, we can find the dew point. Knowing the phase envelope help us know what the pressure is required to get the mixture in liquid phase and stay liquid. I have tested with concentration of carbon dioxide of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9 with a 1.5% error. Yours sincerely, (Mohammad Edre Saturation Pressure of a Binary System Using PVT Simulator Theory, concepts, and objective of the experiment Adding an element with higher critical point in a mixture of lower critical point increases the critical temperature and pressure of that mixture. By adding the carbon dioxide, the critical point is increased so it requires less pressure and higher temperature to convert liquid to gas. By using the PVT simulator the phase behavior can be observed and by that we can confirm that with higher CO2 concentration, the bubble point of the mixture will require less pressure at constant temperature. After the phase envelope is found, the phase of the mixture can be determined by the mole fraction of the carbon dioxide and the pressure. Experimental procedure The experiment was done using PVT simulator to find the phase envelope. First, the temperature was set constant at 85F with 10 cc of propane, then the bubble point of pure propane was found by lowering the pressure. After that, CO2 was added to the system by fraction of approximately 0.1 by opening valve 4, 8, 9, and 11(fig-1) and make space for the CO2 that is going to be added to the system by taking away the same amount of mercury. Valve 8 should be closed and open valve 1(fig-1) to deposit the mercury and replace it with CO2. Once the mixture of 0.1 mole fracrtion of CO2 is acchived, then the bubble point is found by lower the pressure, however, the mixture should be circulated every time the pressure is changed. When the bubble point is found, the PVT simulator gives the mole fraction of CO2 at the dew point at the same pressure, and the process is repeated by increasing the mole fraction by 0.1 every time until 0.9. Figure 1 Showing a failure attempte to get the dew point with 10 cc of mixture due to sample interduced into piping through vlve 8 Results and calculation Pb CO2 x CO2 y 40.934 160.44 275.9 386.32 485.13 577.99 659.83 732.3 807.82 896.6 0 0.0952 0.1912 0.2889 0.3843 0.4851 0.5872 0.6891 0.795 0.8939 0 0.7211 0.827 0.8687 0.8898 0.9031 0.9122 0.9197 0.9291 0.9461 Table 1 These are the results of the experiment where the Pb represent the bubble point in psia and the CO2 x is the mole fraction of CO2 at the bubble point and CO2 y is the mole fraction at the dew point in the same pressure. Analysis and discussion By plotting the points, we get the phase envelope of Butane and CO2 mixture. From the results the bubble point and the dew point pressure are increasing by increasing the amount of CO2, which has higher critical point. Butane and Carbon dioxide phase invelope 1000 Pressure 800 600 400 200 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 CO2 mole fraction CO2 x CO2 y Conclusions In conclusion the heavier component is added to the mixture, the higher the critical point is. The mark distribution for the lab report is as follows: 1) Title page 5% 2) Cover letter (with executive summary of results) 10% 3) Theory, concepts and objective of experiment 10% 4) Experimental procedure 10% 5) Results and calculations 25% 6) Analysis and discussion (possible source of errors, etc.) 25% 7) Conclusions 10% 8) References 5% _________ Total = 100% General Points The emphasis in the marking of lab reports is on the Results, and Analysis and Discussion sections. The lab handouts must be read carefully, and understood particularly with respect to the theory behind each experiment. A good understanding of the concepts in the experiments enables a good and thorough analysis of the data. Lab reports must be typed. Report in the past tense and impersonally. An occasional personal note can enliven a report, but do not write it all in the first person. Be interesting and brief. Guidance on Report Writing – Petroleum Properties and Phase behavior Reports A report, especially one produced in a University course, is written for the purpose of conveying information. The information to be transmitted in these reports is intended to contain: 1. Your understanding of the underlying principles behind the experiment, and how the experiment tests them. 2. Your ability to plan and conduct an experiment so as to obtain significant results in a reasonable time. Copying or re-hashing sections of textbooks, or other students’ reports serves little purpose. You are recommended to use the following headings: 1. Title page This page should include the following: class number, lab number and title of lab, name of student, ID of student, group number, and date of experiment. 2. Cover Letter This is an executive summary – maximum 2 pages. It should be addressed properly (either the professor or the TA, with the name spelled correctly), define exactly what you set out to perform and what you hope to learn from it, include results, and be signed. This is the most important section. It conditions the attitude of your reader. When you are working for a living this is the only part of your reports, which will be read by the people who matter. The cover letter should summarize the whole experiment: what you set out to do, what you actually did, and the main results you obtained. Be specific, and include numbers wherever possible. For instance, do not say “high efficiencies were obtained” but “the measured efficiency was 72 4%”. 3. Theory, concepts and objective of the experiment If you have already covered the theory underlying the project in a lecture course then you can deal with this section briefly by highlighting the important features. You need give just enough to show that you understand it. If the experiment is new to you then you should outline the theory rather more fully. Define all symbols. Describe in your own words what you did and why. 4. Experimental procedure Explain the experimental procedure to someone who was not in the lab with you in simple words – do not repeat the steps indicated in your lab handout. The description should indicate to the reader the understanding of what you have done. Use simple schematic diagrams of the experimental apparatus used to complement your write-up – do not photocopy the diagrams from your handout. Give such sketches as are necessary to define the flow sheet or to describe essential features of the apparatus. Do not waste time on artistic flourishes but produce sketches, which befit an engineer. Include significant dimensions, and identify the most important items of equipment. Use accepted engineering symbols for valves, fittings, etc. Describe the experimental procedure giving due prominence to those aspects which are crucial and omitting reference to those which could be regarded as self-evident to your reader (assuming him/her to be a petroleum engineer who has not seen the particular rig you are using). 5. Results and calculations In general it is best to present these in tabular form. As far as possible, present new data in addition to derived results, in this way, conversion errors will not completely invalidate the report. Experimental accuracy and errors should always be stated. Indicate experimental conditions, tabulate the data you measured, perform sample calculations, and plot graphs showing the calculated or interpreted results. Use comparisons wherever appropriate if you have done similar measurements in different ways (e.g. experimental and simulated data). Ensure that the scale of your graph is such that the data of interest take up the major portion of the graph. Properly label each curve on the graphs. 6. Analysis and discussion Indicate the assumptions you make for interpreting your results, explain and justify differences between experimental and simulated results, indicate and explain any data behavior that is expected or not expected, calculate and explain errors, and provide advantages/disadvantages of experimental procedures used. First, note any interesting observations on the raw results – trends, scatter, anomalies, etc. Then analyze the results in terms of the theory previously presented and discuss the outcome. Do not waste many words stating the obvious, but do your best to account for significant discrepancies. Try to do this specifically, if possible using numbers, and not by fuzzy arguments. Accuracy and errors should again be stated. 7. Conclusions This section should not be a repetition of the cover letter/executive summary, but rather a summary of what was accomplished in the lab (do not give results) – text only, no numbers or figures. Indicate suggestions for improvements/further work. The conclusions should be numbered and brief. In general you should not introduce new material in this section. 8. References Author’s name, Title of Publication, Journal Year, Volume, Page. Use SPE conventions. General comments Report writing is an important aspect of the job of any engineer for accurately conveying the findings of a study. Your report should read smoothly and in the past tense, as you have prepared it for a client or your boss. Ensure proper spelling and grammar. Number the tables and figures and properly refer to them in the text. Use a 12 pt font size for uniformity.
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Attached.

OUTLINE FOR PHASE BEHAVIOR, LAB REPORT
The attached report entails the following parts:


Cover letter



Introduction



Theory, concepts and objective of experiment



Materials and apparatus



Experimental procedure



Results and calculation



Conclusions



References


Running head: PHASE BEHAVIOR, LAB REPORT

PHASE BEHAVIOR
PNGE-332-004
Lab
[Title Here, up to 12 Words, on One to Two Lines]
Mohammad Edrees
800213446
Group G3
Sep/6/2018

1

PHASE BEHAVIOR, LAB REPORT

2

Cover letter
Dear (Dr. Ebrahim Fathi),
Please find enclosed the report prepared for the “[Title Here, up to 12 Words, on One to
Two Lines]" lab experiment carried out on (Sep/20/2018). This experiment helps find the phase
envelop of mixture of two components (carbon dioxide and butane) by adding carbon dioxide to
the butane in a certain amount of moles, for example, 0.1 moles per total mole, and find the bubble
point for each concertation, which is the point where the first gas molecule appears, and by that,
we can find the dew point. Knowing the phase envelope help us know what the pressure is required
to get the mixture into liquid phase and stay liquid. I have tested with concentration of carbon
di...


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