Skills development and practice were the focus of Workshop 5. Reflect upon your involvement in this workshop and respond to the following points:1. How did you feel about the role play and skills practice activities?2. Which skills and abilities do you feel confident about?3. Which do you think you need to improve/develop and how might you go about doing this?

Based on the scientific management theory, what are some of the routines in health care that seem to be inefficient? What examples of participative decision making exist in your Hospital ? Provide your rationaleManagement TheoriesScientific management is the earliest management theory known, dating back to the early 1900s. According to the foundation of this theory, humans are motivated by money, and there should be a separation between managers and the workers. The application of this theory results in a dramatic increase in productivity of the workers and profits for the organization. Around the same time the scientific management theory was developing, Fayol (as indicated by Marquis and Huston, 2006) began mapping management functions which came to be known as planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Many comparisons can be drawn between the delineation of these management functions and the elements of the nursing process.In the early 1920s, workers in the United States began to feel unsettled. A sense of dissatisfaction with repetitive tasks led to unrest. Workers understood that they knew specialized tasks, yet they felt unskilled and under-utilized. This was the first time that worker satisfaction was linked to productivity, and participative decision making was born.Leadership TheoriesBecause of the participative decision-making movement, management theorists began to focus their attention on elements and styles of leadership. The great man theory is the earliest known leadership theory. It states that leaders are born and others are meant to be led.In early 1970, the situational and contingency leadership theory emerged. The premise of these theories indicates that leaders should vary their decision-making and responses according to the situation or the employee, with the idea that no one approach is ideal for every situation. At this same time, employees began stating that they were being treated unfairly.Current leadership theories include interactional theory and transformational theory. Interactional theory builds upon the individuality of the leader and the situation. People are complex and their motives change over time. The leadership exchange involves many variables including personality, perceptions, and the ability of both the leader and the employee, as well as the context of the specific situation.Transformational leadership raises each person to a higher level of morality and motivation. Vision and environment are the keys to this theory. Transformational leaders are able to forecast the path of the future and guide others to a higher standard of performance.Biblical LeadershipLeadership examples abound throughout the Bible, not just in character but in style. The leadership styles are described as visionary, strategist, team leader, servant leader, shepherd, trainer, and encourager (Manz, 1998).A curious notion about most of the biblical leaders is that many of them were perceived as weak and humble, as noted in the stories of David and Moses. Interestingly enough, followership is one of the characteristics God looks for in leaders because those that allow themselves to be led by God will not follow other people. They will lead other people to follow God in their own process of following God. God wants faithful people, not just successful people (Manz, 1998).Servant Shepherd Ministries describes four factors that are the key to leadership: model, motive, manner, and method. Internally, there must be a mental model and a motive. In essence, an individual should lead as a servant and love God and others above himself or herself. Externally, there must be a manner and method. In other words, an individual should look on others with benevolence and use wisdom and reason in all actions and choices.Julian (2002) describes business principles versus God's principles. Some of the unwritten business rules include achieving results at all costs, pleasing others, making leadership the first priority, and subscribing to the idea that an individual can never do enough. Julian challenges these notions by stating that God asks His followers to serve a purpose, to work to please Him, to see leadership as serving, and to have unconditional love for others.ConclusionAlthough both management and leadership are important, those individuals who are in positions to influence the future of nursing need to integrate five traits:1. Long term, visionary thinking2. Ability to rise above bureaucracy and influence others3. Emphasis on vision, values, and motivation4. Ability to cope with multiple and conflicting priorities5. Ability to think in terms of change and renewalIf all health care leaders demonstrated these characteristics, organizations might prosper through the many challenges that health care providers encounter today.

Please do a paragraph about this post with this instruction . post most have 4 or more sentences . you also have to have a high quality post from a content perspective. This means it also needs to do more than agree with or praise a class mate. If you agree with a classmate, explain why, give an example, share what you learned in the readingsThe scientific management theory is an old theory that still to this day seems to drive the management team’s initiatives. This theory states “Humans are motivated by money, and there should be a separation between managers and the workers.” (Grand Canyon University, 2013). There are many instances where this can be applied within the healthcare setting. One such instance relates to the continual change of supplies, catheters, IV’s, skin creams etc. These items are constantly being switched to less expensive ones in an effort to lower cost. This sounds like an effective measure for the management team to execute, however, it is creates an unreliability, uncertainty, and in some cases can be a detriment to the patient as they may be less effective. The workers are those in the field being forced to utilize cheaper supplies without being consulted. This idea implies the workers are less intelligent and could not understand the big choices management must make that will impact their lives and the care they provide. Although there are instances where managerial decisions are still made in this way, there has been an increased recognition that floor nurses providing the care offer invaluable insight and possibly beneficial solutions to the issues facilities encounter. Within the facility in which I work, shared governance, unit based councils, and regular staff meetings are utilized to empower nurses and offer platforms to be heard. Nurses are recognized as educated mediators that facilitate communication for all members from patient, family, physician and multidisciplinary teams. Their experiences can be the beginning of a solution to a problem. “Participation in shared governance structures empowers bedside nurses by giving them opportunities to engage in decision making that affects their practice and leads to career advancement opportunities.” (Wheeler & Foster, 2013, p. 1).