For this week’s discussion we will analyze and compare texts (written and visual) with specific focus on theme and tone.Watch VideoDetermining author's toneUser: n/a - Added: 10/27/16YouTube URL: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pYFbRam2jUEDefinition of Tone:Tone is the attitude of a writer/artist toward a subject. Tone is generally conveyed through the choice of words, or the viewpoint. Written and visual pieces have a central theme or subject matter. The manner in which a writer approaches this theme and subject is the tone. The tone can be formal, informal, serious, comic, sarcastic, sad, or cheerful, or it may be any other existing attitude.Read about Stance (tone) on p. 66 in Norton Field Guide to Writing For this discussion, complete one main post and two peer responses. For full participation credit, posts must occur on three or more days during the active week. First post should occur on or before Wednesday. See rubric for full assessment of discussion posts.Post #1 Defining tone by analyzing details. For your initial post, respond to all questions on written text and on visual texts (3 + 3 =6)Read both selections:Us and Them, David Sedaris, pp 883 - 889Who is Malala? Malala Yousafzai, pp 900 - 905 For the Written Text answer the following questions:What is author’s purpose in each piece?Describe the tone of each story. Share a section of each that illustrates the tone and mood.Compare and contrast the two pieces. What elements are similar? What elements are different? Which is more effective in reaching the author’s purpose?Visual Text:Compare and contrast the following portraits. You can identify them as Left, Middle, Right.Describe each one by using sensory details, the tone or mood the portraits present. Imagine who one of these men are and write a brief (two sentences) biography. For Your Peer Responses: Respond to two of your peers' posts by commenting on your peer’s thesis and significant detail. Encouragement is welcome but try to do more than simply agree with their choice, ask a question, offer suggestions, share an example, or comment on the thesis or message. Minimum 150 wordsRequirements:For full participation credit, a minimum of three posts must occur on three or more days during the active week.First post should occur on or before Wednesday.All posts should include word count.Posts discussing written texts should include quotes with APA in-text citation and reference.See Discussion Rubric for full assessment of discussion posts

Assignment: Assessing and Treating Clients With Pain Pain can greatly influence an individual’s quality of life, as uncontrolled pain negatively impacts mood, concentration, and the overall physical and mental well-being of clients. Although pain can often be controlled with medications, the process of assessing and treating clients can be challenging because pain is such a subjective experience. Only the person experiencing the pain truly knows the intensity of the pain and whether there is a need for medication therapies. Sometimes, beliefs about pain and treatments for pain can have an adverse effect on the provider-client relationship. For this Assignment, as you examine the interactive case study consider how you might assess and treat clients presenting with pain. Learning Objectives Students will: Assess client factors and history to develop personalized therapy plans for clients with pain Analyze factors that influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in clients requiring therapy for pain Evaluate efficacy of treatment plans for clients presenting for pain therapy Analyze ethical and legal implications related to prescribing therapy for clients with pain Learning Resources Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus. Required Readings Note: All Stahl resources can be accessed through the Walden Library using this link. This link will take you to a log-in page for the Walden Library. Once you log into the library, the Stahl website will appear. Stahl, S. M. (2013). Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific basis and practical applications (4th ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. To access the following chapters, click on the Essential Psychopharmacology, 4th ed tab on the Stahl Online website and select the appropriate chapter. Be sure to read all sections on the left navigation bar for each chapter. Chapter 10, “Chronic Pain and Its Treatment” Stahl, S. M., & Ball, S. (2009a). Stahl’s illustrated chronic pain and fibromyalgia. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. To access the following chapter, click on the Illustrated Guides tab and then the Chronic Pain and Fibromyalgia tab. Chapter 5, “Pain Drugs” Stahl, S. M. (2014b). The prescriber’s guide (5th ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. To access information on the following medications, click on The Prescriber’s Guide, 5th ed tab on the Stahl Online website and select the appropriate medication. Review the following medications: For insomnia amitriptyline amoxapine carbamazepine clomipramine clonidine (adjunct) desipramine dothiepin doxepin duloxetine gabapentin imipramine lamotriginelevetiracetam lofepramine maprotiline memantine milnacipran nortriptyline pregabalin tiagabine topiramate trimipramine valproate (divalproex) zonisamide American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (2016). Pain: Hope through research. Retrieved from http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/chronic_pain/de... Required Media Laureate Education (2016a). Case study: A Caucasian man with hip pain [Interactive media file]. Baltimore, MD: Author Note: This case study will serve as the foundation for this week’s Assignment. To prepare for this Assignment: Review this week’s Learning Resources. Consider how to assess and treat clients requiring therapy for pain and sleep/wake disorders. The Assignment Examine Case Study: A Caucasian Man With Hip Pain. You will be asked to make three decisions concerning the medication to prescribe to this client. Be sure to consider factors that might impact the client’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. At each decision point stop to complete the following: Decision #1 Which decision did you select? Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources. What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources. Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #1 and the results of the decision. Why were they different? Decision #2 Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources. What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources. Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #2 and the results of the decision. Why were they different? Decision #3 Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources. What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources. Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #3 and the results of the decision. Why were they different? Also include how ethical considerations might impact your treatment plan and communication with clients. Note: Support your rationale with a minimum of three academic resources. While you may use the course text to support your rationale, it will not count toward the resource requirement. Complex Regional Pain Disorder White Male With Hip Pain BACKGROUND This week, a 43-year-old white male presents at the office with a chief complaint of pain. He is assisted in his ambulation with a set of crutches. At the beginning of the clinical interview, the client reports that his family doctor sent him for psychiatric assessment because the doctor felt that the pain was “all in his head.” He further reports that his physician believes he is just making stuff up to get “narcotics to get high.” SUBJECTIVE The client reports that his pain began about 7 years ago when he sustained a fall at work. He states that he landed on his right hip. Over the years, he has had numerous diagnostic tests done (x-rays, CT scans, and MRIs). He reports that about 4 years ago, it was discovered that the cartilage surrounding his right hip joint was 75% torn (from the 3 o’clock to 12 o’clock position). He reports that none of the surgeons he saw would operate because they felt him too young for a total hip replacement and believed that the tissue would repair with the passage of time. Since then, he reported development of a strange constellation of symptoms including cooling of the extremity (measured by electromyogram). He also reports that he experiences severe cramping of the extremity. He reports that one of the neurologists diagnosed him with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), also known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD). However, the neurologist referred him back to his family doctor for treatment of this condition. He reports that his family doctor said “there is no such thing as RSD, it comes from depression” and this was what prompted the referral to psychiatry. He reports that one specialist he saw a few years ago suggested that he use a wheelchair, to which the client states “I said ‘no,’ there is no need for a wheelchair, I can beat this!” The client reports that he used to be a machinist where he made “pretty good money.” He was engaged to be married, but his fiancé got “sick and tired of putting up with me and my pain, she thought I was just turning into a junkie.” He reports that he does get “down in the dumps” from time to time when he sees how his life has turned out, but emphatically denies depression. He states “you can’t let yourself get depressed… you can drive yourself crazy if you do. I’m not really sure what’s wrong with me, but I know I can beat it.” During the client interview, the client states “oh! It’s happening, let me show you!” this prompts him to stand with the assistance of the corner of your desk, he pulls off his shoe and shows you his right leg. His leg is turning purple from the knee down, and his foot is clearly in a visible cramp as the toes are curled inward and his foot looks like it is folding in on itself. “It will last about a minute or two, then it will let up” he reports. Sure enough, after about two minutes, the color begins to return and the cramping in the foot/toes appears to be releasing. The client states “if there is anything you can do to help me with this pain, I would really appreciate it.” He does report that his family doctor has been giving him hydrocodone, but he states that he uses is “sparingly” because he does not like the side effects of feeling “sleepy” and constipation. He also reports that the medication makes him “loopy” and doesn’t really do anything for the pain. MENTAL STATUS EXAM The client is alert, oriented to person, place, time, and event. He is dressed appropriately for the weather and time of year. He makes good eye contact. Speech is clear, coherent, goal directed, and spontaneous. His self-reported mood is euthymic. Affect consistent to self-reported mood and content of conversation. He denies visual/auditory hallucinations. No overt delusional or paranoid thought processes appreciated. Judgment, insight, and reality contact are all intact. He denies suicidal/homicidal ideation, and is future oriented. Diagnosis: Complex regional pain disorder (reflex sympathetic dystrophy) Decision Point One Select what the PMHNP should do: Savella 12.5 mg orally once daily on day 1; followed by 12.5 mg BID on day 2 and 3; followed by 25 mg BID on days 4-7; followed by 50 mg BID thereafter Amitriptyline 25 mg po QHS and titrate upward weekly by 25 mg to a max dose of 200 mg per day Neurontin 300 mg po BEDTIME with weekly increases of 300 mg per day to a max of 2400 mg if needed