Fragile State Analysis - Kosovo

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Fragile State Analysis

For your Portfolio Project, you will evaluate a fragile (formerly called failed) state and develop a plan to help it recover and get back on the right track. This will involve a survey of the country's history, the source of its problems, information about its people, economy, and culture, and its potential to succeed if given a chance.

The Global Policy Forum website provides information on fragile/failed states in general, as well as specific states.

ForeignPolicy.com provides the 2016 list of most fragile/failed states. You may choose your country for this study from the countries in dark red on the map at the bottom of the opening page.

General Information:

  • Population of the country (see 1 below for more information.)
  • Important ethnic or racial groups and divisions
  • Per capita gross domestic product (see 2 below for more information.)
  • UN Human Development Index rankings (see 2 below for more information.)
  • Freedom House scores for political rights and civil liberties (see 3 below for more information.)
  • The economic position of your country compared to other countries (wealthy, poor, or middle income)

History:

  • Provide an overview of the country's history, focusing on when and why it began to have problems leading to its fragile/failed status.

Classification and Structure of Government:

  • Although fragile/failed states lack an effective government, this does not mean that no one is trying to run the country, or parts of the country. Who is trying to govern your chosen country? How are they attempting to do this?
  • Are there attempts to hold elections? If so, how are these elections conducted, and what is voter turnout? (See 4 below for more information.) When was the most recent election held, and what were the results?

Competition, Stability, and Civil Society:

  • Do political parties exist? If so, what are they, and what role do they play in the country's problems and/or efforts to provide structure?
  • Are there any recent political changes?
  • Major social movements?
  • Are their divisions or conflicts based on race, religion, or culture, for example? Has genocide taken place?
  • Who provides basic services such as utilities, education, and medical care, for example?
  • What is daily life like for the people?

Economic Environment:

  • Major industries
  • Natural resources
  • Other sources of revenue
  • Reliance on foreign aid

Other Questions:

  • What are the most important political, economic, environmental, and human rights issues facing your country?
  • Is your country in conflict with its neighbors or other countries?
  • What are its relations with major global powers—the US, Europe, and China, for example?

Conclude the paper with your assessment of the country's future. What could be done to help the country become stable and develop an effective government? Include what the people can do to help themselves, as well as the role that other countries and humanitarian aid groups could play.

Required Resources:

  1. Data can be accessed through the World Bank website.
  2. Data can be found on the website of the UN Human Development Report.
  3. Data is available at Freedomhouse.org.
  4. Data on election turnout is available on the website of the Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance.

Additional Requirements:

  • Write a formal essay 8-10 pages in length, complete with citations from at least 10 credible academic sources other than required course readings to support your findings. The CSU-Global Library is an excellent place to search for scholarly sources.
  • In addition, provide a reference list, in alphabetical order by last name of author, in APA format, and include a title page at the beginning.
  • Always follow the CSU-Global Guide to Writing and APA style and review the library material concerning APA style before turning in this assignment.

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Running head: Fragile State Analysis - Kosovo

Fragile State Analysis - Kosovo
Name
Institution
Date

Fragile State Analysis - Kosovo
Introduction
Kosovo is a state that declared independence on the February 17th, 2008. Kosovo is a
potential candidate for the European Union membership following the declaration signing of the
Stabilization Association Agreement in October 2015. Currently, Kosovo is run by a government
elected in September 2017.
Kosovo is bordered by Albania, the republic of Macedonia, Central Serbia and
Montenegro. As of 2015, the population of Kosovo was estimated to be 1.87 million although the
disputed census of 2011 recorded the population at 1.73 million (Demographics of Kosovo,
2016). The population density is 159 people per square kilometer and the capital city is Pristina.
The capital’s population is mainly composed of Albanians and are 93% of the population and
small groups of Bosniaks (1.6%) and Romani. Northern Kosovo is an autonomous territory that
is composed of the ethnic Serb community, they make 1.5% of the total population, and this is
the largest Serb dominated territory. Many Serbians fled the capital and other areas during the
end of the Kosovo war in 1999. North Kosovo borders central Serbia (Hebda, 2014).
The dominant religion in Kosovo is Islam at 95.5 %, the Roman Catholic makes 2.2%,
Orthodontist at 1.5% and the rest smaller unspecified religious groups. The official language of
Kosovo is Albanian, it is spoken by 94.55 of the population, Bosnian is 1.7% popular and the
official Serbian language is 1.6%, Turkish is 1.1% while the unspecified language taking up an
insignificant number.

Fragile State Analysis - Kosovo
History of Kosovo
Kosovo is the area that the Serbs value so much as their cradle. Kosovo is considered the
cradle of Serbians which is more shaped by the events like the 1389 Battle of Kosovo, which the
Serbians carry with a lot of pride. Regardless of the emotional significance of such events, many
natives still migrated and the people living there by the 1950s were the Albanians who benefitted
from the 1974 when Yugoslavia by constitutional rights gave the region local self-governance.
By the end of 1080s, the greater population was Albanians making 90 percent of the total
population. This led to a lot of complaints by the Serbs who were few and were greatly
discriminated against and were highly neglected (Vickers, 1998).

Further, according to Hebda (2014), Kosovo became an ideal nationalist rally point for
the Serbs by the 1980s. By the time the Milosevic regime consolidated power between 1990 and
1992, which wanted the uniting of Serbia, laws were passed to give Kosovo autonomy over
integration. These laws forbid use of Albanian language and symbols, and transferred the
responsibility of policy making to the Serbian ministry of interior. They further dissolved the
government that was autonomous and installed judicial agencies and local media under the
control of Belgrade. For this reason the desire for the Albanian’s desire to separate heightened.

The resistance was pro-pacifist which was led by Ibrahim Rugoya and its ideals were
thought to be liberal and genuine, instead, the regime countered on discrimination, arrests,
violence and intimidation rather than blocking the separatism that was vast growing. The
Albanian civil resistance movement in Kosovo was hard hit by the Dayton peace accord of 1995
which called for the end of the Bosnian civil war since it had hoped that the international
community would address the matter. The Dayton treaty did not make any plans or arrangement

Fragile State Analysis - Kosovo
for Kosovo which made the Albanians start plotting for other means of active resistance. At the
end of 1997, inordinate violence broke between the Serb police officers and Kosovo Liberation
Army (KLA) where KLA claimed responsibility as many Serb police were killed. Active
collaborators were also killed by KLA leading to Belgrade declaring KLA a terrorist
orga...


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