Surname 1
Name
Instructor
Course
Date
Global warming
Anderson, Thomas R., Ed Hawkins, and Philip D. Jones. "CO2, the greenhouse effect and
global warming: from the pioneering work of Arrhenius and Callendar to today's
Earth System Models." Endeavor 40.3 (2016): 178-187. Available at
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160932716300308
In their article, Anderson, Hawkins, and Jones explain the fears that if the current rate at
which the earth’s surface is warming is not controlled, the world may be looking at dangerous
increases in atmospheric temperatures. They use a previously developed planetary energy budget
to predict the future with regards to global warming. Through this prediction, they are able to
come up with a model that can be sued to forecast the level of greenhouse emissions throughout
the current century. Although complex, the article simplifies the concept of climate change by
simply relating it to the simplest principles of radiative transfers. They also discuss CO2 which is
the most common and highly dangerous of all the greenhouse gases. They show how CO2 causes
the greenhouse effect, how it is emitted into the atmosphere, and finally, its emission can be
controlled. This article adds to the list of sources that give more insight into the entire issue of
global warming and how it can be managed. The projections on the rise of global temperatures
should worry everyone to the point of acting.
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Corner, Adam, et al. "How do young people engage with climate change? The role of
knowledge, values, message framing, and trusted communicators." Wiley
Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 6.5 (2015): 523-534. Available at
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/wcc.353
One of the greatest challenges in controlling global warming is getting everyone to
understand the course and support it. In their article, Corner et al. talks about one of the most
unfortunate yet very important thing when it comes to climate change. They talk about how to
get young people to understand climate change and how they can contribute towards ensuring
climatic sustainability. They show the importance of effective communication and sharing of
knowledge about the causes and dangers of global warming. Actually, many people do not know
what climate change means. Most people think it is something out of their reach. A lot of times
people think it is something that scientists need to fix. In reality, global warming and climate
change is caused by the human population in general and the solution lies in the people
themselves. If they are made to understand this, they can become conscious about their actions
and how they contribute to climate change. It is only through the effective sharing of knowledge
that people will understand their roles. For example, when they have the right information, they
will know which ways to contribute to the cause.
Del Río, Pablo, and Mercedes Burguillo. "Assessing the impact of renewable energy
deployment on local sustainability: Towards a theoretical framework." Renewable
and sustainable energy reviews 12.5 (2008): 1325-1344. Available at
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032107000433
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In their article, these authors argue that other than the obvious and over-studied benefits
of renewable sources of energy to the environment, they also have other socioeconomic benefits
like diversifying energy sources, the creation of employment opportunities, fostering domestic
development, and supporting local industries. Thus, the use of renewable sources of energy is not
just for the sake of the environment but it has numerous benefits that should be the focus moving
forward. In this article, the authors explore various studies done on the use of renewable energy.
Essentially, they show how other scholars have placed a lot of significance on the use of
renewable sources of energy. If anything, using renewable sources of energy is cheaper in the
long run. It is also one of the ways to create new avenues for creating energy. With these sources
under consideration, industries, individuals, and households need not depend on the traditional
sources of energy. There will be a variety to choose from which will increase competition in the
energy industry and ultimately lead to better pricing. Most importantly, too, it will lead to
reduced use of non-renewable energy which is highly desired when it comes to preventing global
warming.
Howell, Beverly J., and HTIS In August. "Global Warming 101." (1998). Available at
http://infohouse.p2ric.org/ref/10/09687.pdf
In their article, Howell & August define global warming as the general increase in the
levels of greenhouse gases. Some of these gases include carbon dioxide (CO2), some
fluorocarbons, and methane. Essentially, these gases act like a glass covering on the earth such
that heat coming from the sun enters but the heat that bounces back from the earth's surface is
blocked and accumulates. This is because while coming from the sun, the heat is strong enough
to penetrate but once it hits the surface it becomes weak. The accumulation leads to increased
temperatures on earth. According to Howell & August, over 85% of these gases in the US result
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from burning fossil fuels. Thus, reducing the risks of global warming, to a great extent, will
require the reduction of the use of fossil fuels (i.e. oil, gas, and coal). This article discusses some
of the policy mechanisms that can be used to reduce energy consumption and therefore reduce
the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere. The article can be used to prove
the connection between energy and global warming. Specifically, it can be used to support the
claim that reducing the number of non-renewable sources of energy will check the current global
warming rates.
Jacobson, Mark Z. "Review of solutions to global warming, air pollution, and energy
security." Energy & Environmental Science 2.2 (2009): 148-173. Available at
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2009/ee/b809990c
The article ranks the various sources of renewable energy that are currently being used to
check global warming. For example, hydroelectric power is the world’s largest source of
renewable energy. Other sources include wind energy, geothermal power, solar energy, and
nuclear energy. The technology behind each source of energy is explored. Also, the potential of
reducing global warming is examined. Being the greatest source of renewable energy,
hydroelectric power has the greatest potential of checking global warming. This is achieved by
providing an alternative to conventional sources of energy which are not clean and release too
much greenhouse gases. This article provides insightful information about the various sources of
energy. It thus gives various alternatives to fossil fuels. It can be used to further understand the
other sources of renewable energy that have not been widely developed. Further, it can be used
to further diversify the available sources of renewable energy.
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Liu, Hsiao-Wei, Jia-Yuh Yu, and Chao-An Chen. "Changes of tropical precipitation and
convective structure under global warming projected by CMIP5 model
simulations." Terrestrial, Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences 29.4 (2018). Available
here.
In their article, Liu, Yu, and Chen discuss one of the consequences of global warming.
On the very onset, they point to the fact that as the earth's climate warms, its capacity to hold
water also increases. The result is that there is a general increase in the level of water vapor in
the atmosphere. However, this does not necessarily lead changes in humidity. For the most part,
as a matter of fact, humidity remains unchanged despite the rise in water vapor. The authors use
CMIP5 models to assess the effect of increased air temperature on tropical precipitation. In their
article, too, the authors support previous research on the topic that for every 1°C temperature
increase, there is at least 6-7% increase in the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. Away
from the information herein presented, one of the most feared effects of global warming is the
melting of icebergs which will lead to an increase in the volume of water bodies. If this happens,
most of the coastal regions will be affected as water encroaches over land. This article can be
used to support the idea that global warming has a huge impact on global precipitation.
Panwar, N. L., S. C. Kaushik, and Surendra Kothari. "Role of renewable energy sources in
environmental protection: a review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Reviews 15.3 (2011): 1513-1524. Available at
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032110004065
In their article, Panwar, Kaushik, and Kothari provide a detailed report on the importance
of renewable sources of energy in protecting the environment. Some of the things they mention
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include the fact that renewable sources are clean. This means that they produce the least residues.
Also, this source of energy is sustainable. Sustainability here means that they can be used over a
much longer time to sustain human's energy needs. The article talks about the sun as the source
of energy. For example, some of the energy emanating from the sun is tapped and used in
different forms like solar power, wind power, and biomass. Technologies that tap sun energy
have the potential to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and therefore check global warming.
The current challenges of climate change can be solved by simply substituting the conventional
sources of energy with renewable sources like wind and sun. The article also gives an overview
on how much CO2 can be avoided by use of cookers, dryers, and water heaters powered by solar
energy; and also through the use of biofuels and cooking stoves that use hydrogen gas.
Sterner, Michael. Bioenergy and renewable power methane in integrated 100% renewable
energy systems: Limiting global warming by transforming energy systems. Vol. 14.
kassel university press GmbH, 2009. Available here.
In his book, Sterner dwells on the entire issue of global warming and renewable sources
of energy. In the book, the author first talks about climate change to include where we are at the
moment as a population, the threats of climate change, and the need and avenues for protecting
the earth against climate change. The book also talks about energy systems which include the
global energy consumption, trends on renewable, fossil, and nuclear energy; and trends on the
use of bioenergy. Finally, the association between bioenergy and global warming is discussed in
detail which includes the role played by bioenergy in shaping global energy demand like in
increasing efficiency in transportation. Most importantly, the book shows the importance of
bioenergy in the protection of the climate. This book is hugely informative on the entire topic of
renewable sources of energy. It provides detailed explanations and correlations in key concepts
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in global warming and renewable sources of energy. Also, it informs about the current status of
climate change, global warming, and energy consumption. In the end, it suggests a cost-effective
model for controlling the emission of greenhouse gases which is very important to the topic.
Tan, Sie Ting, et al. "Energy and emissions benefits of renewable energy derived from
municipal solid waste: analysis of a low carbon scenario in Malaysia." Applied
Energy 136 (2014): 797-804. Available at
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261914005777
Waste-to-energy (WtE) is one of the most popular ways of reusing wastes and increasing
the level of renewable sources of energy. In their article, Tan et al. discuss the possibility of
reducing greenhouse gases by using wastes as sources of energy. The authors analyze the
potential of municipal solid waste to produce energy and greenhouse gases. In the study, the
authors determine that through proper management of municipal solid waste, it is possible to turn
around waste into a resource that will not only produce energy but also produce energy that is
ecologically friendly. The conclusions from this study can be sued to support the idea that
reusing wastes to produce energy can so well lead to reduced combustion of fossil fuels. This is
because even when these organic wastes are not put to use, they still emit these gases. Using
them for energy will reduce the overall emissions of greenhouse gases and thereby reduce global
warming. Thus, this article is useful in understanding the connection between renewable sources
of energy and reducing emissions of harmful gases into the atmosphere.
Victor, David G. Global warming gridlock: creating more effective strategies for protecting
the planet. Cambridge University Press, 2011. Available here.
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In his book, Victor speaks about global warming as one of the greatest challenges of the
21st century. Despite numerous studies and conventions on climate change, the world is yet to
agree on ways to ensure effective management of global warming. Victor speaks about various
sensitive topics related to global warming like the world's leading emitters, policies, and energy
inventions. In the book, the author suggests that one of the ways of controlling global warming is
through a reduced use of non-renewable energy. Ideally, people have a big input to make to
ensure the available sources of energy are used efficiently even when that does not mean
completely moving towards renewable energy. For example, use of more efficient vehicles
which use little gas to cover longer miles is highly desirable. In their homes, people can do
simple things like use gas sparingly, sharing a vehicle whenever possible, and avoiding burning
organic wastes. Governments can put policies to govern the use of public means of transport to
ensure only a few vehicles are on the road. Things like planting trees should help to balance the
levels of CO2 in the atmosphere since plants use this gas in physiological processes.
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Work Cited
Anderson, Thomas R., Ed Hawkins, and Philip D. Jones. "CO2, the greenhouse effect and global
warming: from the pioneering work of Arrhenius and Callendar to today's Earth System
Models." Endeavor 40.3 (2016): 178-187. Available at
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160932716300308
Corner, Adam, et al. "How do young people engage with climate change? The role of
knowledge, values, message framing, and trusted communicators." Wiley
Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 6.5 (2015): 523-534. Available at
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/wcc.353
Del Río, Pablo, and Mercedes Burguillo. "Assessing the impact of renewable energy deployment
on local sustainability: Towards a theoretical framework." Renewable and sustainable
energy reviews 12.5 (2008): 1325-1344. Available at
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032107000433
Howell, Beverly J., and HTIS In August. "Global Warming 101." (1998). Available at
http://infohouse.p2ric.org/ref/10/09687.pdf
Jacobson, Mark Z. "Review of solutions to global warming, air pollution, and energy
security." Energy & Environmental Science 2.2 (2009): 148-173. Available at
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2009/ee/b809990c
Liu, Hsiao-Wei, Jia-Yuh Yu, and Chao-An Chen. "Changes of tropical precipitation and
convective structure under global warming projected by CMIP5 model
simulations." Terrestrial, Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences 29.4 (2018). Available here.
Surname 10
Panwar, N. L., S. C. Kaushik, and Surendra Kothari. "Role of renewable energy sources in
environmental protection: a review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15.3
(2011): 1513-1524. Available at
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032110004065
Sterner, Michael. Bioenergy and renewable power methane in integrated 100% renewable energy
systems: Limiting global warming by transforming energy systems. Vol. 14. kassel
university press GmbH, 2009. Available here.
Tan, Sie Ting, et al. "Energy and emissions benefits of renewable energy derived from municipal
solid waste: analysis of a low carbon scenario in Malaysia." Applied Energy 136 (2014):
797-804. Available at
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261914005777
Victor, David G. Global warming gridlock: creating more effective strategies for protecting the
planet. Cambridge University Press, 2011. Available here.
Running Head: GLOBAL WARMING
Course Title
Student Name
Institution Affiliation
Submission Date
GLOBAL WARMING
1
UNDOING THE DAMAGE: POTENTIAL WAYS TO REVERSE GLOBAL WARMING
Abstract:
The study covers the research on the various ways that need to be put in practice to
reverse the effect of global warming. The issue of global warming has become a very great
challenge globally and no one claim not to be aware of the problem. Global warming has caused
many negative impacts on the life forms and well-being of the organisms. Besides, global
warming has affected the natural conditions experienced such as shifting the weather patterns
thereby making the trend unpredictable. This research is based on establishing the mitigation
measures to global warming and also putting effort to reverse the current global warming back
to the original status. The study will, therefore, dig deeper into the necessary ways to undo the
issue of global warming by identifying the potential ways that enhance the reversal of the global
warming.
Introduction:
The issue of global warming has remained a great challenge on the planet since the
early nineteenth century. The surface of the earth has been noted from the studies conducted to
be gaining temperature of 0.7-0.9℃ after every century. However, the most recent studies have
shown that the rate of global warming has doubled since 1975. The rate of warming has reached
the levels of between 1.5-1.8℃. When reviewing the top warmest periods on earth history, it
is evident that the top ten warmest years lie between 1998 moving towards the future. When
the data is presented on a graphical chart, the trend shows that every new year is always added
on to the history of warmest years thereby becoming the top on the list. However, as time passes
on, a new year adds up to replace the leading warm ones. From the primary interpretation, it is
clear that the trend of global warming is even becoming worse.
GLOBAL WARMING
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The current information projects that in the next 3-4 years, the global surface
temperatures will rise even higher and will be over 0.5℃ warmer than the 1986-2005 average.
The rise is projected to occur regardless of the Carbon dioxide pathway the globe decides to
take. With the knowledge of increasing rates of global warming, establishing the ways of
reversing the global warming is the ultimate solution to this issue
University, 2012).
(Sandford & Simon Fraser
Everyone has the obligation of committing oneself to mitigate the global
warming threat together with its effects. Establishing environmental conservation and
management programs is among the most vital factors that facilitate the mitigation and reversal
of global warming on the planet.
Research Context:
From the studies, it is evident that reducing the food waste, tapping and using clean
energy, restoring the tropical forest, managing the refrigerant systems and adopting the plantrich diets are the top measures to apply in reversing the issue of global warming. Starting with
the issue of food waste, the reports have it that a third of the total food raised never make it to
plates and forks of the consumers. The wasted amount is considerable, and some amounts are
lost during exploitation whereas some are lost during the processing. The food that is always
wasted contributes to 4.4 gigatons of Carbon dioxide which is the most significant contributor
to global warming. The quantity is equivalent to about 8% of the total anthropogenic
greenhouse gas emissions present in the atmosphere every year.
In underdeveloped places, the instances of food wastage are high due to poor roads,
inadequate storage or refrigeration facilities and a challenge emanating from the heat and
humidity effects. However, that rate of food wastage in developed areas is minimal as there are
advanced ways of handling the food regarding transportation from the farms and industries,
processing and packaging as well as storage of the raw or already processed food. Tapping and
using the clean energy is a sure way of minimizing the amounts of Carbon dioxide released
GLOBAL WARMING
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into the atmosphere. Establishing the solar farms to harness the solar energy and adopting the
usage of wind turbines to exploit the wind energy are two significant ways of reversing the
issue of global warming. Wind and solar energies are eco-friendly as they release no carbon
dioxide into the atmosphere. The adoption of these two methods of tapping energy lowers the
usage of fossil fuels such as burning coal and petroleum products thereby reducing the overall
amount of greenhouse emissions that contribute to global warming.
Regarding the restoration of the tropical rainforests, it is critical to do so since the
rainforests assist in Carbon sequestration. The rainforests once dominated over 12% at about
23.5° north and south of the equator, but currently, they only cover less than 5%. The
rainforests have suffered from extensive clearing, degradation, and fragmentation resulting in
loss of both flora and fauna. If the rainforests are cleared, it means that the stored Carbon get
released into the atmosphere in the form of Carbon dioxide. The released Carbon creates the
greenhouse effect upon reaching the atmosphere thereby enhancing the issue of global
warming. Restoring the cleared parts of the tropical rainforest will ensure that the content of
carbon in the atmosphere is reduced thereby reversing the problem of the global warming.
Practically, if 750 million acres of tropical forests could be restored, over 60 gigatons of Carbon
dioxide could be sequestrated.
All the refrigerators and aerosols contain the harmful Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and
hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) that deplete the ozone layer. The depletion of the ozone
layer results to increased temperatures on the globe since the ultraviolet rays escape and enter
into the earth's atmosphere
(In Grammelis & Global Conference on Global Warming, 2016) .
The
ability of the CFCs and HCFCs to warm the atmosphere is 1000-9000 times compared to that
of the Carbon dioxide thus making the refrigerant gases more lethal as they promote global
warming at an alarming rate. As a result of the 1987 Montreal Protocol on the Substances that
deplete the ozone layer, the usage of CFCs and HCFCs have been termed illegal and the act
GLOBAL WARMING
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highly regarded as a serious offense. Just three decades after the Protocol was established, the
ozone layer is recovering significantly.
Research Question:
The central question which the research focuses on exploring profoundly is how to
reverse the issue of global warming. The global warming has remained a hotly debated topic
globally which requires immediate and special attention for it to be reversed. What has
dramatically contributed to the global warming is the continuous establishment of fossil fuel
industries and motor vehicles that release greenhouse emissions into the atmosphere. To
minimize the rates of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere, we have to ask ourselves
the types of energy sources that we need to exploit and adapt in daily operations.
Additionally, we need to ask ourselves the most appropriate ways that can be practiced
facilitating the reversal of global warming back to original status. The Industrial Revolution
period was considered as one of the periods that significantly contributed to the current issue
of global warming (Stewart, 2010). The question is, how much effort have we put in place to
reverse the increase in global temperature that was contributed by the aspect of the Industrial
Revolution? In addition, to what extent have we reversed the global warming and by what
percentage?
Reversing the issue of global warming is a factor that requires the cooperation of
everyone for it to be achieved. The act should be a responsibility carried out by everybody at
all levels and all costs. The efforts put up by all the nations globally to reverse the global
warming should be unquestionable as all the countries contribute to the global warming,
however small the rate is. With particular attention paid to the global industrial giants, how
much effort have they put to correct their destructive development projects that emit more
greenhouse gases which increase the rates of global warming? The answer lies in the records
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of the responsible organizations that are mandated to monitor. Following the Montreal Protocol
of 1987 that has responsibility for the substances that deplete the ozone layer, a lot has been
achieved in terms of reversing the global warming and the ozone layer is also recovering.
The questions that I have raised above will assist in answering the potential ways that
have been established to aid in reversing the global warming. In addition, the questions will be
essential in identifying the success percentage that has been achieved so far in the act of
reversing the global warming aspect. The questions will also address the critical areas that still
require more attention and effort and provide the potential ways approaches to solving such
areas.
Research methods:
The key research methods that will be used in this research is problem-solving research.
Reviewing of the case studies that researched to evaluate the trends in the global warming will
be of much significance as this will provide information on the past and current status of global
warming. Besides, carrying out interviews on people from different parts of the globe, ranging
from the ice-covered regions to sand-covered deserts will provide very crucial information on
the changes in the temperature of their regions. Collectively, the regional temperature changes
will be used to obtain the overall global temperature. In the act, it will be easy to identify the
deviations in the rise or fall of the temperatures and the increase in temperature will reflect the
increase in global warming.
Besides, the research will involve the use of questionnaires to that will be randomly
given to community members from different regions of the world. The individuals with the
questionnaires will be given time to respond to both the open and closed-ended questions that
they will be given regarding the potential ways that they have taken to reverse the global
warming. So far, I have collected the current information on ways of reversing the global
GLOBAL WARMING
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warming and the information collected to this extent has greatly helped in showing the reversal
trends of the ozone layer. The plans are set on collecting information on the ways people have
been reversing the global warming so that effective methods can be introduced for everybody
to adopt.
The significance of Research:
The research will be significant as it will dig deep into the ways of reversing the global
warming. The topic is among the most debatable worldwide, therefore, addressing the issue of
global warming will be an essential factor of mitigating the effects of global warming. Besides,
it is evident that the level of global warming is increasing and is still projected to rise in future,
therefore, providing a list of solutions and ways of curbing the issue will be significant to the
people who are the victims of the changes. The research expounds on the global warming factor
and the trends. Besides, the research proposes the potential ways of reversing the threat of
global warming increase thereby working on mitigating the effects.
The research majors explicitly on the potential ways of reversing the global warming
thereby convincing the people that the condition of global warming can be reversed, contrary
to the views of other individuals who claim that global warming is irreversible
(Patt, 2015).
Since global warming is a topic that is hotly debated globally, the audience to this research
should consider it as problem-solving research.
Hypothesis:
Before conducting the research, I proposed that adopting the potential ways of reversing
the global warming by all members of the public and all nations will be the ultimate solution
to the increasing issue of global warming. Engaging in the suggested ways of reversing global
warming will see a change in the trend of the global warming at the present time and in the
future times. I had the idea that since human beings accelerate global warming, the same
GLOBAL WARMING
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humans can take appropriate measures to curb the increased rate and ultimately reverse the
global warming. My hypothesis was validated by the information I collected on the measures
taken to reverse the increasing trends in global warming hence proving that there are potential
ways which can be put into practice to reverse the global warming.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, this research will explore the various ways that can be adapted to reverse
the global warming. Since the issue of global warming has been hotly debated on globally,
appropriate measures will be established to address the issue. Additionally, the research will
provide the way forward on the mitigation measures on the effects of global warming.
GLOBAL WARMING
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References
In Grammelis, P., & Global Conference on Global Warming. (2016). Energy, transportation
and global warming.
Patt, A. G. (2015). Transforming energy: Solving climate change with technology policy.
New York: Cambridge University Press.
Sandford, B., & Simon Fraser University. (2012). Climate change adaptation and water
governance: Summary for decision-makers. Vancouver: Adaptation to Climate
Change Team, Simon Fraser University.
Stewart, W. (2010). Climate of uncertainty: A balanced look at global warming and
renewable energy. Flagler Beach, FL: Ocean Pub.
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