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Online Freedom of Speech and Constraints Abstract The ever-reducing cost of the Internet, as well as, the so-called freedom of speech has caused many netizens to be irresponsible for what they say on the Internet. Some people even use the virtual nature of the digital world to conduct personal attacks on social media in text. These types of people are collectively referred to as the internet trolls (Buckels, 2014). To add on to the matter, they even have their own organization. The group systematically goes after people and tries to ruin their lives in different ways. For example, they may try to get people fired through hacking and trolling their social media pages. Despite this behavior being uncouth, we have to admit that it is the product of the development of the electronic society. This study is meant to determine whether the dissemination of information in the digital world requires more constraints in the context of the rapid development of the internet based on the above mentioned trolling incident. The internet can be described as a platform where people are allowed to engage in freedom of speech. However, a lot of people tend to misinterpret this fact by expressing feelings which may be invasive and offensive towards other people. With the developments of internet trolls, online publishing requires a number of constraints since information reaches a large number of people within the shortest time possible. 2 Keywords Internet troll, Digital media, Freedom of speech, Cyber violence,Web reporter Introduction: Amy Everett, a 14-year-old girl, took her own life after suffering online violence on Jan 3, 2018. She was once the face of Akubra, a famous Australian hat maker. Despite being a cheerful and lovely girl, the overwhelming vocabulary and bullying violence on the Internet towards Amy was too much for her to bear. This is one among the many cases where the internet has caused negativity towards lives of people, particularity the young. It is not a new concept and people are very much familiar with the issue. Consequently, experts have held arguments over the years over what should be restricted and what should be posted on the internet platforms. What is an internet troll? Reporter Ginger Gorman spent a year learning about and interviewing a cyber-demon called "Mark." According to the reporter, Mark looks like a regular guy with a steady job and life. However, Mark revealed that he was a member of a powerful international troll group that targeted autistic and mentally ill people, trying to get them fired and even inciting vulnerable people to self-harm. In his confession, over the course of the year, Mark intermittently targeted a certain girl and threatened to destroy her life if she did not reply to his messages. Destroying a person's life is just a normal thing for these trolls. They spend most of their time on the Internet looking for vulnerable people. In China, trolling is very common and this is evident from the number of people who get attacked upon joining the Sina Weibo. While some of these people quit the media platform, others 3 usually fight back against the Internet trolls. Mark is a serious narcissist which is a common characteristic for all trolls. According to research, most trolls are also compulsive, sexually abusive, and so on. The sad thing is that these people live around us and influence our lives without us even realizing it until it is too late. The product of internet and technology? Internet trolling is a product of the development of the Internet and technology. With the availability of internet, more and more people find themselves in different platforms for different purposes. The high traffic makes it hard for internet providers to achieve unified coordination and development. Furthermore, internet trolls tend to justify their actions saying that they are exercising their freedom of speech. Experts have tried to classify or relate the freedom that trolls are given with news communication activities. In western jurisprudence and constitutional jurisprudence, freedom of speech is regarded as the most fundamental and inalienable right of citizens, which is also the basis and condition of other freedom rights. Net, as the carrier of free expression on the Internet, determines that it has the characters of universality, convenience, interactivity, and anonymity. In relation to this, some people may argue that if a person joins the internet, they should be ready to embrace the negative side of it as much as the advantageous part of it. Many social platforms encourage people to upload content that is easy to receive feedback in order to increase their usage and gain advertising benefits. Instagram reviews, for example, are arranged in thumb up the order. In such an environment, the Internet troll will publish many extreme views to gain public attention. Recent research has shown that “messages with a strong 4 moral and emotional color are more likely to spread on social media: with each additional word of moral or emotional content added to a tweet, the probability of it being forwarded increases by 20 percent.” The web has become a hotbed of Internet troll because a user's anonymous behavior has nothing to do with their real identity. Trolls enjoy the feeling of being impactful in peoples’ lives on the internet (Shachaf, 2010). A nationally representative survey of 4,248 American adults by the pew research center found that "45% of Americans think it's more important for people to express their opinions freely online. A slightly larger number (53%) think that it's more important to make people feel secure online.” Americans are also relatively divided over how seriously to take offensive content online. About 43 percent of Americans say offensive content online is less than a big deal, but a larger share (56 percent) are of the opinion that many people take offensive content online seriously. As a result, a large number of people feel that the significance of free speech online is more important than online security. Free speech on the Internet is important, especially with the diversity of social media, and we can enjoy the benefits of free speech. Some people may think that the Internet troll is a small part of the problem, but not enough to make a big difference. Instead, it should strengthen the psychological capacity of users, rather than control the Internet's speech. The increasing inclusiveness of social and online environments encourages the existence of Internet demons, and it is for these reasons that they are truly close to our lives. 5 Who is responsible for the victims? Trolling is not considered a crime in most countries, however, it becomes illegal when a person’s behavior is harassing and threatening, therefore, it all depends on the jurisdiction. For example, in the United Kingdom, trolls have previously been arrested for mocking vulnerable people on the internet. Sean Duffy, 25, posted video on YouTube for a tribute to Facebook, in order to mock the deceased and their family. The victim included a 15-year-old girl who was struck by a train. Duffy posted a spoof video on YouTube two days after the girl’s death, and made a malicious statement on the girl’s Facebook page. The result of the event was that Duffy was sentenced to 18 weeks in prison and could not use social networking sites for five years. All internet users tend to enjoy the convenience of the Internet, and many individuals have had direct or indirect contact with internet trolls. In general, most internet are lucky because troll don't make a big difference in their lives directly. With this notion, people continue using the digital world to search and socialize with new people every day. However, some of the internet troll victims swear to never go back to the internet world. Amy Everett's father once made it clear that trolling should not be regarded as a joke since its consequences are severe. It is clear that while the public is promoting freedom of speech online, some people are actually suffering from trolls. When it comes to Amy’s death, some may say it is as a result of poor psychological endurance while the trolling issue is left uncovered. The society today would rather blame a suicide victim before looking into what really led to their action. It is the same case when a girl gets raped and everyone accuses her of dressing up inappropriately; this does not justify the actions. Therefore, Amy’s case, as well as other similar cases, should be considered as murder. There has to be an acknowledgement that the root of the trolling problem is the people in front of the screen, the internet’s freedom of speech and the anonymity present in the internet platforms. 6 Advocating for free speech has been a norm in the society for the longest time ever. However, there should be considerations when it comes to the internet (Shirky, 2011). These considerations will purposely provide consequences for trolling or similar online activities. At the moment, cases such as that one of Amy are left unattended because the ones to blame (trolls) are protected by the internet and free speech. Trolling continues to be a problem because the punishment for such are not severe. Cases of trolling should be considered as acts of crime with severe consequences. The severe punishment is an appropriate approach to stop the problem since trolls will have second thoughts about mocking, intimidating or attacking vulnerable individuals on the internet. At some point, the internet users may also be blamed for being trolled. In this case, people actively invite trolls to keep on attacking them by tolerating their efforts. For example, when a troll identifies someone’s picture and starts commenting negatively on the picture, that particular person should look for the option of blocking the troll from making more comments instead of struggling to ignore the comments. Confronting the troll is even a worse approach since it assures them of attention. Conclusion Cyber trolls are affecting our lives and even destroying some. They delight in attacking and hurting others. I feel like changing the nature of these people is more difficult than limiting what they can do on the internet. Therefore, in the era of the open Internet, online speech should be more severely restricted, lest more people are likely to get hurt. 7 Reference Aro, J. (2016). The cyberspace war: propaganda and trolling as warfare tools. European View, 15(1), 121-132. Buckels, E. E., Trapnell, P. D., & Paulhus, D. L. (2014). Trolls just want to have fun. Personality and individual Differences, 67, 97-102. Shachaf, P., & Hara, N. (2010). Beyond vandalism: Wikipedia trolls. Journal of Information Science, 36(3), 357-370. Shirky, C. (2011). The political power of social media: Technology, the public sphere, and political change. Foreign affairs, 28-41.
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Running head: INTERNET TROLLS

1

Online Freedom of Speech and Constraints
Name
Course
Tutor
Date

INTERNET TROLLS

2

Abstract
The ever-reducing cost of the Internet, as well as, the so-called freedom of speech has
caused many netizens to be irresponsible for what they say on the Internet. Some people even
use the virtual nature of the digital world to conduct personal attacks on social media in text.
These types of people are collectively referred to as the internet trolls. To add on to the matter,
they even have their own organization. The group systematically goes after people and tries to
ruin their lives in different ways. For example, they may try to get people fired through hacking
and trolling their social media pages. Despite this behavior being uncouth, we have to admit that
it is the product of the development of the electronic society. This study is meant to determine
whether the dissemination of information in the digital world requires more constraints in the
context of the rapid development of the internet based on the above mentioned trolling incident.
The internet can be described as a platform where people are allowed to engage in freedom of
speech. However, a lot of people tend to misinterpret this fact by expressing feelings which may
be invasive and offensive towards other people. With the developments of internet trolls, online
publishing requires a number of constraints since information reaches a large number of people
within the shortest time possible.
Keywords
Internet troll, Digital media, Freedom of speech, Cyber violence,Web reporter

INTERNET TROLLS

3
Online Freedom of Speech and Constraints

Introduction
Amy Everett, a 14-year-old girl, took her own life after suffering online violence on Jan
3, 2018. She was once the face of Akubra, a famous Australian hat maker. Despite being a
cheerful and lovely girl, the overwhelming vocabulary and bullying violence on the Internet
towards Amy was too much for her to bear. This is one among the many cases where the internet
has caused negativity towards the lives of people, particularity the young. It is not a new concept
and people are very much familiar with the issue. Consequently, experts have held arguments
over the years over what should be restricted and what should be posted on the internet
platforms. This piece of literature is a representation of the negative implication that the internet
has towards the lives of different people in relation to trolling as a form of internet bullying and
violence. Ultimately, the piece also looks into the restriction of freedom of speech on the
internet.
Internet Troll
The act of trolling has been described as an art of pissing people off deliberately, cleverly
and secretly. At some point, it is a game that is based on identity deception which is played
without the consent of most of the players. Trolls have a mastery of the internet lore which
enables them to remain anonymous while conducting this activity. This definition is a
representation or reflection of the spectrum of the perspectives on the behaviors on trolling from
a deviance act to a form of comedy. While there are some definitions which reflect the
acceptance of these definitions, most of the scholarly definitions tend to be condemnatory.
Therefore, diverse behaviors are lumped together under the term, “Trolling” while public, as well
as scholarly discourse, includes disagreement about the applicability of the term.

INTERNET TROLLS

4

The behaviors of online trolling usually vary by context. This is in respect to events,
communities, and platforms which may trigger trolling instances. There is a wide range of
motivations that may trigger online trolling. For many cases, trolls conduct this act in efforts to
escape boredom. Other trolls are ideological, malevolence, or even social. In this sense, what is
and is not trolling is contextual and local; one definition cannot be placed to encompass all that is
trolling and all trolling examples are not the same. With the existence of specific sub-types,
supporting the development of a multi-dimensional framework which is sensitive to contextual
perceptions and motivations is considered in the definition of trolling.
Political and social trolls seem to have considerable prominence. However, these trolls
have not been efficiently studied. The socially motivated trolls include those who seek esteem
and belongingness or those who are involved in social negotiations about community boundaries
and equality. In the society, these types of trolls are viewed both positively and negatively based
on the legitimacy of their objectives. Political trolls are a representation of one form of
ideological trolls. The tactics employed by these trolls range from organized efforts to
overwhelm or spam online platforms through civic demonstrations (as in cases such as Federal
Communications Commission) to partisan baiting ideological adversaries into arguments (for
example, on news forums and comment sections).
Reporter Ginger Gorman spent a year learning about and interviewing a cyber-demon
called "Mark." According to the reporter, Mark looks like a regular guy with a steady job and
life. However, Mark revealed that he was a member of a powerful international troll group that
targeted autistic and mentally ill people, trying to get them fired and even inciting vulnerable
people to self-harm. In his confession, over the course of the year, Mark intermittently targeted a
certain girl and threatened to destroy her life if she did not reply to his messages. Destroying a

INTERNET TROLLS

5

person's life is just a normal thing for these trolls. They spend most of their time on the Internet
looking for vulnerable people. In China, trolling is very common and this is evident from the
number of people who get attacked upon joining the Sina Weibo. While some of these people
quit the media platform, others usually fight back against the Internet trolls. Mark is a serious
narcissist which is a common characteristic for all trolls. According to research, most trolls are
also compulsive, sexually abusive, and so on. The sad thing is that these people live around us
and influence our lives without us even realizing it until it is too late.
The Product Of The Internet And Technology
Internet trolling is a product of the development of the Internet and technology. With the
availability of the internet, more and more people find themselves in different platforms for
different purposes. The high traffic makes it hard for internet providers to achieve unified
coordination and development. Furthermore, internet trolls tend to justify their actions saying
that they are exercising their freedom of speech. Experts have tried to classify or relate the
freedom that trolls are given with news communication activities. In western jurisprudence and
constitutional jurisprudence, freedom of speech is regarded as the most fundamental and
inalienable right of citizens, which is also the basis and condition of other freedom rights. Net, as
the carrier of free expression on the Internet, determines that it has the characters of universality,
convenience, interactivity, and anonymity. In relation to this, some people may argue that i...


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