Select any four questions and the mandatory question of your choice and ensure that you answer all parts of the question. Each answer should be at a minimum two- three page and doubled spaced. The average papers for all four-question range between 11-13 pages. You do not have to cite your sources. I encourage you to use the internet to expand your answers with the primary text book. Once completed submit the midterm as an upload into canvas.

1.

• What were the demographic effects of the Columbian exchange?
• Compare and explain the reasons for differences or similarities between the European colonies of North and South America.
• State and justify your position on the role of the Catholic Church in regard to relations with the Amerindian people in either the Spanish or the French American colonies.

2.

• Describe capitalism and mercantilism and explain their roles in the development of the Atlantic system.
• What factors led to the development of the African slave trade?
• What effects did slavery have on economic life in Africa?

3.

• How was the Ottoman Empire administered under Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)?

• What were the roles of the Portuguese, Oman, and the Dutch in the development of trade in the Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia?
• What factors led to the decline of the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires?

4.

• What did the Russian and Qing Empires have in common, and how did these common features affect the relationship between the two?

• Both the Qing and the Tokugawa governments were in decline by 1800. What reasons lay behind the decline of each government?

5.

• Discuss the causes, conduct and consequences of the French, and the Haitian revolutions.
• What roles did Enlightenment thought and folk cultures play in the making of the eighteenth century revolutions?
• How did revolution in one country help incite revolutions elsewhere?

6.

• Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Britain rather than in continental Europe or the United States?
• What exactly is meant by the Industrial Revolution? What were the economic changes that revolutionized manufacturing in the eighteenth century and led to the factory system?
• How did the Industrial Revolution change people’s lives and the environment in which they lived and worked?
• 7.

• What were the benefits and drawbacks to the Ottoman Empire as they attempted to modernize and reform during the Tanzimat period?
• Discuss the causes, conduct and consequences of the Crimean War.
• What internal and external challenges did the Qing Empire face in the early 1830-1870s?

8.

• What were the causes of the revolutions for independence in Latin America (Venezuela, Mexico and Brazil between 1800 and 1850s?
• Who were some of the key individuals associated with the fight for independence in Latin America?
• What economic and social factors led to the abolitionist and women’s rights movement? Who was William Wilberforce and how did he contribute the abolition of slavery in England?

Mandatory: How did Britain secure its hold on India and what colonial policies led to the beginnings of Indian Nationalism?