Project #4: Research Paper Assignment FORMAT:- MLA Purpose: The purpose of this assignment is to explain to an audience what the conversation generated by your sources tells you. Think about the sources as different voices in a conversation: how do they speak in chorus and in contrast with each other. Keep in mind that the work you will do here is different from an editorial opinion. Instead of simply trying to state your opinion or persuade people to see things the way you do, you are trying to let the research speak to show how the sources generate answers to your questions. This is one of the primary projects that you will put in your portfolio. Audience: Consider writing for an audience of people who will be interested in your research similar to yours or who might have similar questions to yours. In other words, you might write to the authors in your annotated bibliography, other 102 students interested in your topic, peers in your field, or other stakeholders who want to advance research or answer questions on the same topic you are researching. Conventions: Research writing looks different from discipline to discipline. Like any genre in any discipline, there are many different ways that research reports get done, and you might start to think about how to develop your research report by looking at examples of research writing in the field of study. Regardless, most academic research shares some of the same conventions; identifying and understanding those conventions is part of participating in the conversation. The research report for English 102 asks you to combine some of the most generic elements of these documents, focusing on their overall aim rather than arbitrary distinctions. In general, academic research reports do several things: 1. Introduce the topic and engage a reader’s interest. What is the issue? Why is it important? So what, who cares? 2. Provide some background information and context to clearly explain the central question or issue and how the research creates a conversation. What are researchers and stakeholders saying? What are they saying to each other? Or what do you think they would say to each other if in a room together? Are their multiple proposed solutions or hypothesis about the topic? 3. Describe the process for finding answers to a research question or issue (methods). What did you need to know before answering your ultimate research question? What are the trouble spots for researching this topic? 4. Describe the information and answers found through research (results). What are the outcomes of your primary and secondary research? What are the trends? Based on evidence, what seems to be the solution to the issue? 5. Discuss finding: what is important about the research and results? Why and how does it answer your research question? What are the important discoveries? How do the research sources fit together? What are the limitations of the current research? What do readers and researchers still need to know? What are the next steps based on the results of your research? Trouble Spots Many new research writers struggle with similar issue, including the following: ● Attention to academic formatting (in-text citations, works cited, organization); ● Well-integrated sources that contextualize the research for the reader; ● A well-supported and focused thesis developed throughout the paper; ● Clear discussion and analysis of finding beyond the research sources. The research paper must include ?! • • • • • • Background on topic Meanginful and thought-provoking - so what? Debatable Thesis statement Purpose and Audience Stakeholders BEAM METHOD FORMAT(MLA) AND LAYOUT VERY IMPORTANT!!!! BEAM METHOD How to Use a Source: The BEAM Method For any research project, you want to use a variety in types of sources as well as points of view. Some assignments will have certain requirements for the sources, in terms of genre of source (academic, popular), format (blog, print) and publication dates. To research a question in depth, the answer to the question of “how many and what type of sources do I need” is all of them. You need a variety of sources, both in type and point of view, in order to fully (or even partially) explore a research question. Your professor may require certain types of sources, so it’s important to understand the differences between types of sources, such as a peer-reviewed article versus a popular one. It may also be helpful to think about at what stage of the research project a source may be useful. Reference sources, such as encyclopedias, are useful when reading for background information, but you’ll want to read more specialized sources and arguments when exploring your research question. More important than identifying the type of source, however, is how you use them. Any type of source might be appropriate for a research project, depending on how you use it. In discussing the usefulness of different types of sources, we will use the BEAM method, BEAM stands for: Background, Exhibit, Argument, Method. • • • • Background: using a source to provide general information to explain the topic. For example, the use of a Wikipedia page on the Pledge of Allegiance to explain the relevant court cases and changes the Pledge has undergone. Exhibit: using a source as evidence or examples to analyze. For a literature paper, this would be a poem you are analyzing. For a history paper, a historical document you are analyzing. For a sociology paper, it might be the data from a study. Argument: using a source to engage its argument. For example, you might use an editorial from the New York Times on the value of higher education to refute in your own paper. Method: using a source’s way of analyzing an issue to apply to your own issue. For example, you might use a study’s methods, definitions, or conclusions on gentrification in Chicago to apply to your own neighborhood in New York City. http://libguides.wvu.edu/english101 Username : hwd0002 Password : Supreme321 lets say you chose this source Go to the cite tab and copy and paste MLA format +plus the URL link for the page Thank you !!!!!! Student name ENGL –102-409 Prof. 10/14/2018 Undoing the Damage: Individual Knowledge and Educational Strategies For the last fifty years, the average global temperatures have been drastically increasing at an unsurprisingly fast rate. This pattern has raised questions whether global warming can be reserved or slowed down. As Climate Change is the result of human activity, a change or reversal of the phenomenon cannot be achieved without changing the way humans interact with the environment. Collective and individual efforts are required to curve the damage of Climate Change – which, at this stage in human development, represents the biggest threat to human survival. While there has been a lot of focus on collective efforts, be it at the hands of the state or different industries, not as much focus has been given on the possible ways in which individual people could aid in the reduction of the damage. Many alternatives are presented and popularized in the media, but their impact, accessibility and efficiency are not rigorously monitored. Likewise, the information that individuals need to possess to accurately assess the dangers and damages that Climate Change poses are not always available. As a result, this paper seeks to gather the insights of different individuals, across geographical regions, regarding the amount of knowledge that they possess about Climate Change’s causes, effects and mitigation strategies. Background Global warming takes place when greenhouse gases, carbon (IV) oxide, and different air pollutants accumulate in the surrounding air, absorbing the sunlight that bounces off the earth's surface. This causes the planet to be hotter than usual, leading to what is known as the greenhouse effect. Global warming is of a great concern to the entire globe, as it causes an abnormal change in weather patterns. Powerful hurricanes, heavier rainfall, and frequent droughts, higher frequency of wildfires and the melting of the ice caps are all possible ways in which global warming manifests. As the phenomenon advances, the worse conditions can get. According to scientists, the worst water scarcity has been reported in California, as a result of the current drought, which is expected to last 1,200 years due to the greenhouse effect (Dai, 2010). They also claim that the possibilities of the same droughts occurring in years to have doubled over the previous century. It is at the moment possible to predict specific events of weather, like the heat waves that have begun to affect Northern Europe, to climate change, according to National Academies of Science, Medicine, and Engineering. As of now, one could accurately state that the different processes already in motion have already led to severe glacier melting, droughts and early snowmelt causing water shortages and an increase the risk of wildfires in the western parts of America (Şen, 2018).The number of hurricanes has been observed since the early 1980s, in the Northern Atlantic, has increased; perhaps more frighteningly, the number of storms that reach category four or five – the highest that can be achieved when it comes to tropical cyclones – have also increased. When it comes to the poles and their glaciers, there is it is estimated that at least 143 billion metric tons of ice are lost each year, since 2001. This heightened loss is bound to lead to an increase in the volume of the oceans, leading to a global rise in the sea level within the next century or so. These ominous rates are bound to increase, if the current patterns of production and consumption are kept. For individuals, this means that their livelihood is bound to be threatened by the changing meteorological conditions. Extinction of animal and plant and rise in sea levels leading to floods on the East Seaboard in the Gulf of Mexico. Methodology The process involved in the finding of the answer for the research question includes the use of problem-solving research. This consists of the gathering different scientific data sets about the effects of global warming and their impact on the lives of individuals. Likewise, data about the impact of individual mitigating efforts are also sought. The information that can be provided by the different subjects – who come from different geographical backgrounds – will be compared and contrast to that of other individuals, from a different geographical background. To collect this information, a survey was crafted that contained open and close- ended questions. This survey would allow a glimpse into the commonplace understanding of the phenomenon, in order to create educational strategies that could help with the mitigating efforts to Climate Change. The information provided by the subjects would also be compared and contrasted to the scientific literature in existence, to measure how scientifically accurate their perceptions are. The trouble involved in the research of this study was the collection of bias information, a majority of subjects under study might not be familiar with their environment thus giving wrong information. However, once an analysis is completed, strategies can be developed to provide education to the masses, so that every individual is capable of understanding how the process is happening and how they can help. For instance, the implementation of the renewable harvesting of energy can improve the chances of reducing the toll of Climate Change, as fossil fuels would no longer be necessary for the production of energy. An exploratory survey like this could provide the data needed to begin an awareness campaign on this matter. References • Dai, A.. Drought under global warming: a review. (2010) Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 2(1), 45-65. doi: 10.1002/wcc.81 • Effects of global warming become more prevalent. (2006). Physics Today. doi: 10.1063/pt.5.020667 • Global-warming skeptics: Might warming be 'normal'?. (2007). Physics Today. doi: 10.1063/pt.5.021497 • Şen, Z. Noah and Joseph effects: floods and droughts under global warming. (2018) International Journal Of Global Warming, 16(3), 347. doi: 10.1504/ijgw.2018.095390
Purchase answer to see full attachment