Midtown Family Clinic
Case Study
In 1990, Dr. Harold Thompson opened the Midtown Family Clinic, a small internal medicine practice, in an
area with an increasing number of new family residences. Dr. Thompson has been the owner and manager
of the medical practice. He has two nurses, Vivian and Maria, to help him. Usually, one nurse takes care
of the front desk while the other nurse assists the doctor during the patient visits. They rotate duties each
day. Front desk duties include all administrative work from answering the phone, scheduling appointments,
taking prescription refill requests, billing, faxing, etc. So if on Monday Vivian is helping the doctor, then it
is Maria who takes care of the front desk and all office work. The two nurses are constantly busy and
running around, and patients are now accustomed to a minimum 1-2 hour wait before being seen. If one
nurse is absent, the situation is even worse in the clinic. The clinic has three examination rooms so the
owner is now looking into bringing a new physician or nurse practitioner on board. This would help him
grow his practice, provide better service to his patients, and maybe reduce the patients’ waiting time. Dr.
Thompson knows that this will increase the administrative overhead and the two nurses will not be able to
manage any additional administrative work. He faces several challenges and cannot afford to hire any
additional staff, so Dr. Thompson has to optimize his administrative and clinical operations. The practice
is barely covering the expenses and salaries at the moment.
Dr. Thompson’s practice operation is all paper-based with paper medical records filling his front office
shelves. The only software the doctor has on his front office computer is a stand-alone appointment
scheduling system. Even billing insurance companies is done in a quasi-manual way. For billing insurance,
the front office nurse has to fax all the needed documentation to a third party medical billing company at
the end of the day. The medical billing company then submits the claim to the insurance company and
bills the patient. The clinic checks the status of the claims by logging into the medical billing system,
through a login that the medical billing company has provided the clinic to access its account. There is no
billing software installed at the practice, but the nurses open Internet Explorer to the URL of the medical
billing company and then use the login provided by the third party medical billing company. Of course, the
medical billing company takes a percentage of the amount that the clinic is reimbursed by the insurance.
Although the medical practice has the one PC with the scheduling software and an internet connection, it
does not have a Web site or any other technology, and essentially still operates the same as it did in 1990.
One problem that is immediately noticeable is that there is no quick way to check patients in, and if the
nurse is on the phone while a patient tries to check in, then the patient has to wait until she has completed
her call. The doctor could be also waiting for the patient to be checked in, wasting the doctor's valuable
time. Also many patients experience long waits on the phone when they are trying to schedule an
appointment, while the nurse is checking in patients or responding to another patient’s request in the office.
Every year, the clinic requires its patients to complete a form with their personal and insurance information,
rather than have them just verify what is on file. This annoys some of the parents when they have to fill
out all this paperwork, especially if they are taking care of their sick young child in the waiting room.
When a patient's laboratory test results are received in the office, the paper copy has to be filed in the
patient's folder. Lost and misfiled reports are a big concern to Dr. Thompson, as is his inability to quickly
and easily share patient data when he makes a referral to a specialist. He feels he and his staff are
spending too much time handling paper and not enough time improving patient care. All of the medical
records, lab results, and financial and payroll accounts are kept on paper, so there is not a quick way to
look up a patient’s history or current prescriptions during office visits, or when the doctor gets a call while
he is away from the office. At the beginning of each day, the nurses pull the files for all patients who have
appointments scheduled for that day. However, the clinic also accepts walk-in patients.
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IFSM 305 – Case Study
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At a recent medical conference Dr. Thompson learned about how Electronic Health Records (EHR) can be
shared among health care providers to improve patient outcomes. After attending several demonstrations
by the different vendors, ClinicalWorks, AthenaHealth, etc., he realized how inefficiently his practice is
running and realized all the opportunities that EHR systems can bring. He recognizes all the benefits of
moving to electronic medical records but feels very overwhelmed on how to start, or what to do. He is
also concerned about disruption to his practice which may negatively affect his patients’ care experience.
Moreover, neither the doctor nor the nurses have any knowledge or experience when it comes to
information technology. Upon the recommendation of a fellow doctor, Dr. Thompson has decided to hire
an independent EHR Consultant, to help him select the best EHR for his practice. His friend also advised
him that he should not just buy any package from a vendor but have the EHR consultant analyze the
workflow processes at the practice first, then optimize them, and then look at the EHR systems. The new
EHR system needs to work with the optimized processes of his practice. Dr. Thompson needs to get his
staff’s buy-in and involvement in the process from Day 1, if the EHR adoption process is to succeed. Dr.
Thompson realizes that EHR adoption may add significant costs to his practice, which he cannot afford.
Therefore, he will go for the EHR adoption at this point only if he can find an affordable system.
Based on his fellow doctor’s recommendation, Dr. Thompson has contracted with an independent
consultant, who is not associated with any vendor, to advise him through this process. Throughout this
course you will be the professional medical consultant.
Strategic Goals
Dr. Thompson has several strategic goals in mind that he shares with you during your first meeting with
him as his consultant. For one, he would like to see his medical practice operate more efficiently and make
some financial profit that he could reinvest into the clinic in order to upgrade and expand it. In a few
years, he will need to invest some funds in a major renovation, primarily in the examination rooms and the
waiting area. If he had extra money, he could also rent the apartment next to his clinic and open up the
space to make a larger clinic. If he did that, he could also expand the clinic into a 3-physician group
practice and maybe rent out some space to a physical therapy physician and generate some additional
income. After much discussion with fellow MDs, he realizes that he can use technology to improve the
quality of care, safety, and financial management decisions of his practice, while also meeting the legal
and regulatory requirements for health care and health care systems. So, implementing an EHR system
for these purposes has now become another strategic goal for the practice.
Your task is to help Dr. Thompson understand the process that occurs during a patient visit to the practice,
how that process should be improved to make it more efficient, and then recommend a certified EHR
system for him to implement. You are not expected to solve all of the problems identified or address all
improvements that could be made at the Midtown Family Clinic.
The following is an example of how a process is identified and optimized using a technology solution: Last
year, the medical practice had no effective way to schedule appointments. The front desk nurse used a
paper calendar to write in appointments. Obviously, as appointments were cancelled and re-scheduled,
the paper calendar became almost unreadable. It was also taking a long time for the nurse to record the
patient name, phone number and other critical information. That was when Dr. Thompson and his nurses
decided to implement the scheduling system on the PC. Now, the patients are all listed in the system, with
the pertinent information, and the scheduler can quickly search for an open time and enter the patient's
appointment on the schedule. This has significantly improved the scheduling process, but has done nothing
to help with all of the other activities involved with a patient visit to the Clinic.
Note: As you approach the case study assignments, you will find it helpful to think about your own
experiences with a medical practice. Making a trip to a small medical practice may help you think about
the processes, challenges, and opportunities.
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IFSM 305 – Case Study
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STAGED ASSIGNMENTS
The case study and assignments address the Course Outcomes to enable you to:
Evaluate the organizational environment in the health care industry to recognize how technology
solutions enable strategic outcomes
Analyze the flow of data and information among disparate health information systems to support
internal and external business processes
Evaluate technology solutions in the health care industry to improve the quality of care, safety, and
financial management decisions
Examine the implications of ethical, legal, and regulatory policy issues on health care information
systems.
Upon completion of these assignments you will have performed an array of activities to demonstrate your
ability to apply the course concepts to a “real world situation” to:
Analyze an organization's strategies and processes to determine how a technology solution could
help (Stage 1)
Analyze the data flow among a clinical practice and external organizations (Stage 2)
Identify and explain the legal, ethical and regulatory considerations for a system (Stage 3)
Propose an appropriate certified EHR technology solution (Stage 4)
As explained in the Stage 1 assignment, you will create a System Recommendation Report for Dr.
Thompson, using each stage to develop a section of the report. The staged assignments are designed to
follow the relevant readings in the course content, and are due on the dates as assigned in the class
schedule. These assignments are designed to help you identify how to effectively analyze and interpret
information to improve a medical practice using technology. This is an opportunity for you to apply critical
thinking skills and think like a professional medical consultant.
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IFSM 305 – Case Study
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Stage 1: Organizational Analysis and Requirements
Overview
Before you begin work on this assignment, be sure you have read the Case Study. Refer to the System
Recommendation Report - Table of Contents - below to see where you are in the process of developing
this report.
As a professional medical consultant, you have been asked to conduct an analysis, develop a set of
system requirements and propose an Electronic Health Records (EHR) system to improve the Midtown
Family Clinic's processes. This work will be completed in four stages, and each of these four stages will
focus on one section of an overall System Recommendation Report to be delivered to the Midtown
Family Clinic.
The sections of the System Recommendation Report will be developed and submitted as four staged
assignments. In stages 2, 3 and 4, you will also incorporate any feedback received when the previous
stage is graded to improve the effectiveness of your overall report and then add the new section to your
report. At the end of the course, you will submit a complete System Recommendation Report that
includes all the sections and changes that resulted from previous feedback. A key to successful business
writing is quality and conciseness rather than quantity.
The sections are described below and the graphic that follows provides the detailed outline and Table of
Contents for this report:
Introduction – Provides background and sets the stage for the rest of the document. To be written and
submitted as part of Stage 1.
Section I: Organizational Analysis and Requirements (Stage 1) - The first step is to look at the
organization and explain how an EHR system could benefit the Midtown Family Clinic's processes.
Section II: Data Sharing (Stage 2) – Next you will explain, the types of data that need to be shared with
other organizations, and what data interchange standards should be used.
Section III: Ethical, Legal and Regulatory Policy Issues (Stage 3) – Then you will analyze the ethical, legal
and regulatory policy issues that impact the EHR solution for the Midtown Family Clinic.
Section IV: System Recommendation (Stage 4) – Finally, you will identify a certified EHR system for the
Midtown Family Clinic, and explain what improvements the Clinic can expect, how it meets the
requirements, and what needs to be done to implement the system at the Clinic.
Conclusion – Summarizes the document. To be written and submitted as part of Stage 4.
References – List of references. A separate page developed as part of Stage 1 with references added (in
alphabetical order) as other sections are added to the report.
Begin by creating a title page to include your name, course information and date; followed by a page
break. On a separate page, create the Table of Contents, which you will update as you add the sections
of the Report. Note that each section has its own introduction and summary.
IFSM 305 Stage 1: Organizational Analysis and Requirements - 11/17/2017
1
System Recommendation Report
Table of Contents
Introduction (Stage 1)
II.
Organizational Analysis and Requirements (Stage 1)
A.
Introduction
B.
II.
III.
Strategic Use of Technology
C.
Components of an Information System
D.
Functional Requirements
E.
Summary
Data Sharing (Stage 2)
A.
Introduction
B.
Need to Share Data
C.
Types of Data to be Shared
D.
Data Interchange Standards
E.
Summary
Ethical, Legal and Regulatory Policy Issues (Stage 3)
A.
Introduction
B.
Table of Ethical, Legal and Regulatory Policy Issues
C.
Addressing the Most Difficult Issue
Summary
System Recommendation (Stage 4)
D.
IV.
A.
Introduction
B.
Proposed IT solution
C.
D.
E.
How the Proposed IT Solution Meets the Requirements
Improvements from Proposed IT Solution
Implementation Considerations
F.
Summary
Conclusion (Stage 4)
References
System Recommendation Report (SRR), Section I – Organizational Analysis and Requirements
Section I of the SRR document contains an organizational analysis and identifies ways in which an
Electronic Health Record (EHR) system can help the Midtown Family Clinic to meet its strategic goals.
The next step is to identify data and functional requirements for the EHR system. This analysis lays the
ground work for the rest of SRR, as the recommendation for an EHR must support the Clinic's strategic
goals and meet its functional and data requirements.
IFSM 305 Stage 1: Organizational Analysis and Requirements - 11/17/2017
2
Stage 1 Assignment Instructions
Using the case study, the overview above, Course Content readings, and external resources, develop
your Introduction and Section I: Organizational Analysis and Requirements. Recommended lengths for
each section are provided and you should be sure to include all pertinent information.
Introduction– briefly describe (at a high level) the organization in the Case Study; provide a context for
the rest of the document. (one to two paragraphs)
I.
Organizational Analysis and Requirements
A.
Introduction – Introduction to this section describing what is included. (3-4 sentences)
B.
Strategic Use of Technology - Using the Strategic Goals section of the Case Study, list three
strategic goals that have been identified by the Midtown Family Clinic, and that can be supported
with an EHR system. For each, explain how an EHR system can be used to support the goal.
(Introductory sentence and list of three strategic goals with one to two strong sentences that
explain how an EHR system would support the strategic goal and justify your position with
specifics from the Case Study.)
1.
Strategic Goal 1 and explanation:
2.
Strategic Goal 2 and explanation:
3.
Strategic Goal 3 and explanation:
C.
Components of an Information System – An information system is comprised of people,
technology, processes (or organizational components), and data. Explain each of the following in
relationship to an EHR system to support the Midtown Family Clinic:
1.
People – List the people who would use the new EHR system by name and role, and
identify two things that person needs (functions) the system to do to help them with
their job. (Provide an introductory sentence for Section C, and a sentence on people
followed by a list of the people who will use the system and their roles.)
A. Person 1 and role, and two functions
B. Person 2 and role, and two functions
C. Person 3 and role, and two functions
2.
3.
Organizational Processes – list three processes that are used at the Clinic that would be
supported by an EHR system and explain how the processes would be improved using
an EHR system. (Provide an introductory sentence and list/explanation of three
processes.)
A. Process 1 and how it would be improved
B. Process 1 and how it would be improved
C. Process 1 and how it would be improved
Data – The new EHR system will need to collect, store and process data. An example of
needed data is “Name of Patient.” The case study provides insight into the kinds of data
that will be needed. First, insert an introductory opening sentence for this section.
Then identify ten (10) critical data items for this EHR system solution. (Provide an
introductory sentence and copy the table and insert information within.)
IFSM 305 Stage 1: Organizational Analysis and Requirements - 11/17/2017
3
Data Items Needed for EHR System
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
D. Functional Requirements – The next step is to identify the essential requirements for the EHR
system. Review the processes and data items you listed above and create a list of ten (10)
requirements. Each requirement is one sentence in length and addresses one thing the system must
do. The requirements are documented in a table, as shown below. For a full requirement
specification, there will be many requirements statements; you only need to provide ten. The
requirements should be derived from the Case Study; an analyst should not "invent" requirements.
(Provide an introductory sentence and copy the table and insert information within.)
Functional Requirements
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
E.
Summary – briefly summarize the content of this section and tie the information together for the
reader. (3-4 sentences)
Formatting Your Assignment
For academic writing, the writer is expected to write in the third person. In third person, the writer
avoids the pronouns I, we, my, you, your, and ours. The third person is used to make the writing more
objective by taking the individual, the “self,” out of the writing. This method is very helpful for academic
writing, a form in which facts, not opinion, drive the tone of the text. Writing in the third person allows
the writer to come across as unbiased and thus more informed. The Report is to be written for the
Midtown Family Clinic, and reference should not be made by name to individuals who own or work in
the Clinic.
•
Write a short concise paper: Use the recommendations provided in each area for length of
response. Content areas should be double spaced; table entries should be single-spaced. It’s
IFSM 305 Stage 1: Organizational Analysis and Requirements - 11/17/2017
4
•
•
•
•
•
•
important to value quality over quantity. The body (Introduction to the report and Section I) of the
assignment should not exceed 6 pages.
Ensure each section has an introductory sentence or two that sets the stage for the information to
follow.
Ensure that each of the tables is preceded by an introductory sentence that explains what is
contained in the table, so the reader understands why the table has been included.
Use at least two resources with APA formatted citation and reference. Use at least one external
reference and one from the course content.
Compare your work to the Assignment Instructions above and the Evaluation Criteria/Grading
Rubric below to be sure you have met content and quality criteria. Do not overlook this step. Read
your work out loud or have your computer read it to you. Fix the grammar and other areas
identified.
Submit your paper as a Word document, or a document that can be read in Word.
Your submission filename should be as follows: Lastname_firstname_Stage_1
EVALUATION CRITERIA/GRADING RUBRIC:
Criteria
Report
Introduction
Section
Introduction
and Summary
90-100%
Far Above
Standards
80-89%
Above Standards
70-79%
Meets Standards
60-69%
Below Standards
< 60%
Well Below
Standards
5 Points
4 Points
3.5 Points
3 Points
0-2 Points
Describes the
organization and
provides an
effective
introduction to the
Report; is clear,
logical, derived from
the Case Study; and
demonstrates a
sophisticated level
of writing.
5 Points
Describes the
organization and
provides an
introduction to
the Report; is
clear, logical, and
derived from the
Case Study.
Describes the
organization and
provides an
introduction to the
Report; is
adequate, and
derived from the
Case Study.
4 Points
3.5 Points
Provides effective
introduction and
summary to Section
I; is clear, logical,
derived from the
Case Study; and
demonstrates a
sophisticated level
of writing.
Provides an
introduction and
summary to
Section I; is clear,
logical, and
derived from the
Case Study.
Provides an
introduction and
summary to
Section I; is
adequate, and
derived from the
Case Study.
Not clear, logical
and/or derived
from the Case
Study.
Possible
Points
5
Not included, or
demonstrates
little effort.
3 Points
0-2 Points
Not clear, logical
and/or derived
from the Case
Study. Or, either
the introduction or
summary is not
included.
Not included, or
demonstrates
little effort.
5
IFSM 305 Stage 1: Organizational Analysis and Requirements - 11/17/2017
5
Strategic Goals
13-15 Points
12 Points
10-11 Points
9 Points
0-8 Points
The explanation is
provided and
supported.
The explanation is
not clear, logical
and/or supported.
The explanation
is not included
or demonstrates
little effort.
21-23 Points
0-20 Points
How the
system will
support three
of the
organization’s
strategic goals
Components
The explanation is
clear, logical and
fully supported
using a
sophisticated level
of writing.
31-35 Points
The explanation
is clear, logical
and supported.
28-30 Points
24-27 Points
The 3 people, 3
processes, and
10 data items
Fully and logically
explained, are
clearly related to
the Case Study, and
demonstrate a
sophisticated level
of analysis and
writing.
18-20 Points
Logically
explained, are
related to the
Case Study, and
demonstrate
analysis and
effective writing.
Explanation
provided and
relates to the Case
Study.
16-17 Points
14-15 Points
Correctly identified
and sourced; clearly
derived from the
Case Study;
demonstrates
sophisticated
analysis.
Identified and
sourced;
requirements are
derived from the
Case Study;
demonstrates
effective analysis.
Identified and
sourced;
requirements are
related to the Case
Study.
9-10 Points
8.5 Points
7.5 Points
Required resources
are incorporated
and used
effectively. Sources
used are relevant
and timely and
contribute strongly
to the analysis.
References are
appropriately
incorporated and
cited using APA
style.
At least two
sources are
incorporated and
are relevant and
somewhat
support the
analysis.
References are
appropriately
incorporated and
cited using APA
style.
Only one resource
is used and
properly
incorporated
and/or
reference(s) lack
correct APA style.
Requirements
10 functional
requirements
Research
Two or more
sources--one
source from
within the IFSM
305 course
content and
one external
(other than the
course
materials)
Not all clearly
explained and/or
are not related to
the Case Study.
12-13 Points
15
35
Not all
addressed or
little effort is
demonstrated.
0-11 Points
Less than 10
requirements are
identified and
sourced; and/or
information
provided is not
correct; and/or
requirements are
not all related to
the Case Study.
6.5 Points
Few or no
requirements
are listed;
sources are
incorrect;
and/or
requirements
are not related
to the Case
Study.
0-5 Points
A source may be
used, but is not
properly
incorporated or
used, and/or is not
effective or
appropriate;
and/or does not
follow APA style
for references and
citations.
No course
content or
external
research
incorporated; or
reference listed
is not cited
within the text
20
10
IFSM 305 Stage 1: Organizational Analysis and Requirements - 11/17/2017
6
Format
9-10 Points
8.5 Points
7.5 Points
6.5 Points
0-5 Points
Well organized and
easy to read. Very
few or no errors in
sentence structure,
grammar, and
spelling; doublespaced, written in
third person and
presented in a
professional format.
Effective
organization; has
few errors in
sentence
structure,
grammar, and
spelling; doublespaced, written
in third person
and presented in
a professional
format.
Some
organization; may
have some errors
in sentence
structure,
grammar and
spelling. Report is
double spaced and
written in third
person.
Not well
organized, and/or
contains several
grammar and/or
spelling errors;
and/or is not
double-spaced and
written in third
person.
Extremely
poorly written,
has many
grammar and/or
spelling errors,
or does not
convey the
information.
10
TOTAL Points
Possible
100
IFSM 305 Stage 1: Organizational Analysis and Requirements - 11/17/2017
7
Running head: ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS
READ ME FIRST (Delete before submitting paper!)
The National Academies Press. (n.d.). Chapter 4: Healthcare data standards. The
National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine. .Retrieved from
https://www.nap.edu/read/10863/chapter/7
Systems Recommendation Report Stage One: Organizational Analysis and Requirements
Student First Name Last Name M.I.
University of Maryland University College
IFSM 305
Professor Pace
Month, XX, XXXX
1
ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS
2
Organizational Analysis and Requirements
The first step is to look at the organization and explain how an EHR system could benefit
the Midtown Family Clinic's processes. Frequently, people find it hard to format papers
according to the American Psychological Association’s (2010) guidelines for formatting. But
most studies (Gass, Svetics, & Lemelin, 2003; Loewen, 2005; Polio, Mackey, & McDonough,
2004; Sueyoshi & Hardison, 2005) were originally formatted in APA style, demonstrating that it
can be done. Here is a quote from Paula Winke (personal communication, January 19, 2011)
about it.
I think I can say, in about 45 words (note that if you have more than 40 words in
your quote, you have to format it as an in-block quote), that formatting papers
according to the APA 6th edition is a real piece of cake.
Here is a way to do it that is quick, easy, and will save you a lot of time. Basically,
download my APA formatted template for word (APAFormatTemplate_v2), save it in your
Word template folder, and use it when you write your papers.
Organizational Analysis
Company Background
When conducting a company background analysis/assessment always view the
business landscape, business need and business solution from People, Process and Technology
mindset. Explain the business challenge facing the business as stated in the case study.
Remember, the recommended solution below should resolve the stated business challenge in this
section.
Strategic Use of Technology
Provide a brief two sentence explanation of what this section will cover and name the
ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS
3
three strategies you will elaborate on below.
Strategic goal one. Explain in detail this recommended strategy. Support your
decision to recommended this strategy with course content and external research.
Strategic goal two. Explain in detail this recommended strategy. Support your
decision to recommended this strategy with course content and external research.
Strategic goal three. Explain in detail this recommended strategy. Support your
decision to recommended this strategy with course content and external research.
Components of an Information System
An information system is comprised of people, technology, processes (or organizational
components), and data. Explain each of the following in relationship to an EHR system to
support the Midtown Family Clinic.
People. List the people who would use the new EHR system by name and role, and
identify two things that person needs (functions) the system to do to help them with their job.
(Provide an introductory sentence for Section C, and a sentence on people followed by a list of
the people who will use the system and their roles.)
Person one. Title, role, and at least two functions.
Person two. Title, role, and at least two functions.
Person three. Title, role, and at least two functions.
Organizational Processes. List three processes that are used at the Clinic that would be
supported by an EHR system and explain how the processes would be improved using an EHR
system. (Provide an introductory sentence and list/explanation of three processes.)
Process one. Name and describe the process and how it will be improved.
Process two. Name and describe the process and how it will be improved.
ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS
4
Process three. Name and describe the process and how it will be improved.
Data. The new EHR system will need to collect, store and process data. An example of
needed data is “Name of Patient.” The case study provides insight into the kinds of data that will
be needed. First, insert an introductory opening sentence for this section. Then identify ten (10)
critical data items for this EHR system solution. (Provide an introductory sentence and copy the
table and insert information within.)
Data Items Needed for EHR System
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Functional Requirements Analysis
The next step is to identify the essential requirements for the EHR system. Review
the processes and data items you listed above and create a list of ten (10) requirements. Each
requirement is one sentence in length and addresses one thing the system must do.
The
requirements are documented in a table, as shown below. For a full requirement specification,
there will be many requirements statements; you only need to provide ten. The requirements
should be derived from the Case Study; an analyst should not "invent" requirements. (Provide an
introductory sentence and copy the table and insert information within.)
The main responsibility of the analyst is the discovery, analysis, documentation, and
communication of requirements. A requirement is simply a feature that a product or service must
have in order to be useful to its stakeholders. For example, two requirements for a customer
ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS
5
relationship management system might be to allow users to update the payment terms for an
account and to add new customers.
A more precise definition is provided by the IEEE Glossary of Software Engineering
Terminology and the Business Analysis Body of Knowledge® (BABOK®). Both define a
requirement as:
1. A condition or capability needed by a user to solve a problem or achieve an objective.
2. Condition or capability that must be met or possessed by a system or system component
to satisfy a contract, standard, specification, or other formally imposed document.
3. Documented representation of a condition or capability in (1) or (2).
Not all requirements are at the same level. Some might be high level requirements
expressed by the business sponsor (e.g., reduce the cost of invoicing customers), others might be
very specific requirements that describe a function needed by a particular user (e.g., allow me to
click on a customer name and then display that customer's account history).
Functional Requirements
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Conclusion
The function of your paper's conclusion is to restate the main argument. It reminds the reader
of the strengths of your main argument(s) and reiterates the most important evidence supporting
those argument(s).Briefly summarize the content of this section and tie the information together
ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS
6
for the reader. (3-4 sentences)
References
(Examples Delete Prior to Submission)
American Psychological Association (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological
Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Gass, S. M., Svetics, I., & Lemelin, S. (2003). Differential effects of attention. Language
Learning, 53(3), 497-546.
Loewen, S. (2005). Incidental focus on form and second language learning. Studies in Second
Language Acquisition, 27(3), 361-386.
Polio, C., Mackey, A., & McDonough, K. (2004). The relationship between experience,
education and teachers' use of incidental focus-on-form techniques. Language Teaching
Research, 8(3), 301-327.
Sueyoshi, A., & Hardison, D. M. (2005). The role of gestures and facial cues in second language
listening comprehension. Language Learning, 55(4), 661-699.
The National Academies Press. (n.d.). Chapter 4: Healthcare data standards. The National
Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine. Retrieved from
https://www.nap.edu/read/10863/chapter/7
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