Case Study Analysis and Views

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Noqhy96

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I want the paper to focus more on the sides of ethics and development view of the topic. I need it to be done at Thursday 8am (11/15/2018)

Pages: 2 pages approximately

Word: 2000 (Requirement***), Single-Space, 12 size-font.

Case Study: Child Labor in Pakistan

Argument Statement: Despite the needs of impoverished families for income and the abundance of available man/hours in the Pakistani population aged 5-12, civil society, international agencies, and local governments must intervene to remove children from roles in the brick-making industry due to the inherent physical danger, opportunity cost of education, and manipulation of these persons before the age of legal majority.

OUTLINE:-

  • Introduction: (1000 words or more)

1- Briefly present the relevant historical, social, and political circumstances out of which this development challenge arose.

2- Explain why it is a topic of disagreement regarding policy responses to itand what the primary arguments of two or more positions are.

3- Be sure to provide significant empirical research and facts, citing the sources for these data.

  • Evaluation Framework: (1000 words or more)

1- Using sources from the course and your own research, evaluate the policy positions offered in Section A from the perspective of integral human development approach.(put the needed source)

2- Craft an ethical argument for the policies using philosophers, the Catholic Church’s social tradition(e.g. encyclicals), Islamic view of the issue, and representative economists who adhere to the integral framework.Feel free to include other relevant sources from your own cultural and religious backgrounds that support the integral approach.

3- Explain which teachings are most relevant and how they apply to this case or issue.Cite from at least one documentary source of Catholic social doctrine(e.g. www.vatican.va, www.usccb.org) and at least two (2) philosophers (e.g. Averroes, John Locke, Jacques Maritain; use journals like the Journal of Global Ethics: https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rjge20/current).

** Reference from economic or development philosopher

*** Link it to the principle of catholic church or the principle of Islamic teaching

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Running head: THE ETHICS OF CHILD LABOR

The Ethics of Child Labor
Name:
Institution:

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THE ETHICS OF CHILD LABOR

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The Ethics of Child Labor
Introduction
Child labor is employing young children in work environments that deny them basic
child rights needed by growing children such as ability to go to school regularly, play and
interact with other children among others. Child labor affects children mentally, physically,
socially or morally in a negative light, which makes it illegal all over the world, and
according to international law. However, the problem persists as corporations look for
cheaper ways of production to increase their profits from reduced operation expenses.
Dealing with the issue becomes hard since there is a cultural perspective that supports this
practice. Children from a young age even from their home engage in chores because they are
competent not because they are old enough. Impoverished families take advantage of this,
and send their children to work to increase earnings at home, and corporations like this since
it is cheaper for their production. Such problems are rampant in third world countries, such as
the case of Pakistan where children aged 5-12 work in brick making industry (Ali & Abbas,
2017). There needs to be concerted efforts to end such inherent physical danger, loss of
education and manipulation of minors through child abuse and labor.
The problem of child labor in industries is as old as industrialization itself. The
agrarian revolution brought about the land enclosure system, which favored the rich in each
of these communities. Farms began operating like corporations where they picked those
skilled among the people and gave them official positions, which would form the middle
class groups of income. Below the middle class was the peasants or the low-income earners
who lived in informal settlements, had no skills, and land. A common characteristic among
these families was most of them were huge families, with many children. To survive, they
had to go and get the informal jobs set aside for the unskilled workers, which normally paid

THE ETHICS OF CHILD LABOR
low wages under inhumane working conditions for long hours. With a culture of using the
elderly children to perform chores, parents made their capable children join them in these
farms and new factories to increase the disposable income in the family to meet the rising
cost of living. It became a common practice where the elder children in the family joined
their parents to work, while the younger ones went to school. During the early years of the
agrarian revolution this went on without warning, however, with time it became an issue of
concern.
All over the world, there were numerous calls by many human rights activists to stop
the employment of children. In response to this, civil rights groups formed Trade Unions,
which not only fought for release of children from labor, but also for better working
conditions for the remaining employees. As early as 1802, some of these unions had started
making progress, which led to establishment of regulatory acts against exploitation of
children in factories limiting their working hours to 12 hours per day (Humphries, 2013).
However, even such a legislation did not address their plight since it meant they would do
nothing else the entire day. Even worse, the implementation of these rules was largely
ineffective, leading to further calls for action from Trade Unions and other activists.
In 1833, the Royal Commission made regulations that stopped the employment of
children below nine years, while those 9-11 would only work for 8 hours a day. Those
between the ages of 11-18 would work for 12 hours, but the problem with this is that it did
not cover the entire economic landscape. Some companies were exempt from these
regulations, which again contributed to their inefficiencies. The lobby groups continued to
lobby, and finally working hours for children and adults fell to 10 hours per day in 1847.
However, even with this it was still hard to keep regulations and implement them since there
was no parameters put in place to monitor how many hours of work each employee did,
which encouraged the practice to keep on happening. As early, as 1910 there were still child

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THE ETHICS OF CHILD LABOR

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laborers in America and Britain working long hours, and in bad working conditions despite
efforts by the law, which also raises serious policy and ethical disagreements (Humphries,
2013).
Lack of sufficient ethical morality on some corporations led to the prevalence of the
practice. Take the Pakistan brick-making industry for example, children have to work or else
they will starve to death. The entire family works in these kilns, so they can get by, without
that, they will have nothing else to survive on, and their parents will not make enough to send
them to school anyway. The kiln owners are even bold enough to go on strike, to intimidate
the government to allow child labor as late as 2016, which tells how much this is still a
problem even in the current generation (Ali & Abbas, 2017). Government needs to ensure
companies observe an ethical code, and instil morality in the social fabric of society where
such practices can easily go to die.
Amid the serious need for action, disagreements arise about the best policies to stop
these violations from happening. For example, when children in high school take summer
jobs to earn more pocket money should this qualify as child labor? What about the child’s
decision in this matter, should it bear any significance? Children 16-18 who are about to
leave and be by themselves in campus, how much experience do they need in a working
environment to appreciate the values of work? Most ...


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