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20200318030851genetic Variation

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©eScience Labs, 2016
Pre-Lab Questions
Assumptions:
• There are approximately 3,000,000,000 base pairs in the mammalian
genome (genes constitute only a portion of this total).
• There are approximately 10,000 genes in the mammalian genome.
• A single gene averages 10,000 base pairs in size.
• Only 1 out of 3 mutations that occur in a gene result in a change to the
protein structure.
In the mammalian genome:
1. How many total base-pairs are in all the mammalian genes?
1,000,000,000
2. What proportion (%) of the total genome does this represent?
33%
3. What is the probability that a random mutation will occur in any
given gene?
1 in 300,000
4. What is the probability that a random mutation will change the
structure of a protein?
1 in 90,000

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©eScience Labs, 2016
Note: In the following experiments on gene pool, gene frequency, and genetic
diversity; assume there are four alleles for color and that they are all
homologous.
Experiment 1: Genetic Variation
Genetic variation is simply the genetic difference within or between populations,
in the gene pool, and/or gene frequency.
Consider the following two populations of butterflies (Figure 2):
Figure 2: Butterfly populations.
Assumptions: Both populations contain the same four colors of butterflies, thus
the gene pool is the same. However, the distribution of colors within that
population is different, thus their gene frequencies are different.
Materials
Blue Beads
Red Beads
Green Beads
Yellow Beads
(2) 100 mL Beakers
(2) 250 mL Beakers
Permanent Marker

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Pre-Lab Questions Assumptions: • There are approximately 3,000,000,000 base pairs in the mammalian genome (genes constitute only a portion of this total). • There are approximately 10,000 genes in the mammalian genome. • A single gene averages 10,000 base pairs in size. • Only 1 out of 3 mutations that occur in a gene result in a change to the protein structure. In the mammalian genome: 1. How many total base-pairs are in all the mammalian genes? 1,000,000,000 2. What proportion (%) of the total genome does this represent? 33% 3. What is the probability that a random mutation will occur in any given gene? 1 in 300,000 4. What is the probability that a random mutation will change the structure of a protein? 1 in 90,000 ©eScience Labs, 2016 Note: In the following experiments on gene pool, gene frequency, and genetic diversity; assume there are four alleles for color and that ...
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