book: http://www.earthonlinemedia.com/ebooks/tpe_3e/contents.html Atmospheric Hazard Map Set How to Complete Your AssignmentTHREE Original DIGITAL MAPS (one map at a local, regional and global scale) that shows data on natural hazards in the atmosphere and LithosphereThree paragraphs written by you about the hazard you have mapped and description of the patterns seen on the mapsSee the weekly modules for due dates for each of your map sets. Why maps? Maps are something that we all use in our daily lives whether we are using Google Maps to divert our way around traffic, or trying to find a new restaurant with our in car navigation, or we are trying to follow a hand drawn map to get to a wedding reception. For this project the maps you create must be original, that is you just didn't search Google images for maps already created by other people. You will be creating maps of areas that you choose, using data you choose, and you will format it with a scale bar, north arrow, title, and paragraph caption that are all original. What is a Physical Geography Hazard? A Natural Hazard is any naturally occurring event that can have a negative effect on people or the environment. Examples include hurricanes floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and tornado's. These events are natural because they are a part of earths systems, but when they occur where people live, than they become a hazard to people. Find out more about hazards by checking out information from the USGS and the U.S.Federal Government (Links to an external site.). Possible Hazard Topic Ideas include (but are not limited to): Week 4 Atmospheric Hazard Map set:LightningTornadoesHurricanesClimate ChangeWeek 5 Map Set Lithosphere:LandslidesVolcanismEarthquakesSinkholes & Subsidence To complete this project, follow these instructions: 1. Choose a free map maker and play around with the available data. 2. Pick an appropriate hazard for the week from the list above. 3. Explore the mapping data provided in the links below to find an interesting pattern for your hazard. If no patterns emerge, then you may want to map a different data set or look in a different area (zoom in/out or focus on a different area) 4. Create 3 maps(one city scale, one state, one continental) showing the distribution of the hazard. Each map should be of the same hazard. If you choose sinkholes in week 5, then all three maps should show the distribution of sinkholes. 5. Capture an image of your completed map(or just a screen shot) and import it into a word processing program like Word or Pages where you can add a title, legend, any labels and a paragraph caption. 6. Write one paragraph(5 -10 sentences, college level writing) for each map explaining one or more of the following questions: What is the pattern shown(Where does it occur or not occur)? What process causes the pattern shown(Why does the hazard occur in some places and not others)? How dangerous is this hazard? How could this hazard be managed? Outside research should be conducted and cited 7. Submit all maps and paragraphs in a single file (PDF preferred) This part of the project is basically asking you to create a series of thematic maps. Watch this short video which explains what thematic maps are and what they look like. What is this scale thing? A map which depicts a small territory is referred to as a large scale map. This is because the area of land being represented by the map has been scaled down less, or in other words, the scale is larger. A large scale map only shows a small area, but it shows it in great detail. A map depicting a large area, such as an entire country, is considered a small scale map. In order to show the entire country, the map must be scaled down until it is much smaller. A small scale map shows more territory, but it is less detailed. Large Scale vs. Small Scalehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lg08g9w3by0 (Links to an external site.) How will you make an original map set for each sphere? In order to make a map you need a base map, and data. You will use a variety of sources such as National Map, National Geographic Map Maker, (Links to an external site.) Google Earth (Links to an external site.)(free download), Weather Underground Mapper, ArcGIS Explorer (requires creating a free account) to get base maps and data, NOAA National Hazard Viewer (Links to an external site.), Historical Hurricane Tracker (Links to an external site.), Tornado History Project (Links to an external site.), Water Risk Atlas (Links to an external site.), and Windyty (Links to an external site.) Video tutorial on how to Create your Own Original Map: https://youtu.be/p0VNZ42i4mU (Links to an external site.) Map Set Examples: Atmosphere Map Set.pdfHydrosphere Map Set.pdfLithosphere Map Set.pdf Actions Actions Actions Your INDIVIDUAL Map Set Should Be original, and cite all outside data and sourcesMap the week's sphere hazard at local (1 city or county), regional (1 state or small country) and global (the entire U.S., a continent, or the world) scales.Contain a descriptive paragraph for each map (5-10 sentences, college level writing) which describes the hazard patterns, process and proposed solutions.Contain a scale bar (Links to an external site.), north arrow, legend and descriptive title.Be easy to see and read. Here are some pointers to help you create your maps and start thinking about your Map Sets: Your map needs to be original, meaning you created it using an online tool where you chose the data to be mapped, the area and zoom level. You should not use an existing (e.g., jpg, png, gif) image of a map that has already been created by someone else.You need to do research to explain the patterns that you see. That is, you will need to discover the processes that create the map pattern. For example, if you see a line of volcanoes in the Pacific coast of Central America you will need to explain how the Cocos plate is subducting beneath the Caribbean plate in an oceanic-to-continental convergent plate boundary, how the sinking oceanic plate melts and rises, etc.All the information that you use in the descriptive paragraphs needs to be properly cited. It is best if you have a separate reference section at the end of your map set. You also need to cite the source or sources of your maps.Your maps need to have a scale bar, north arrow and descriptive title. In some tools such as the National Geographic Mapmaker, the scale bar shows up automatically. In others, you may need to draw it in. You may also need to draw in the north arrow. A descriptive title is one that describes the area covered by the map and its content. "Regional map" is not a descriptive title, "Volcanoes on the Pacific coast of Central America" is.You need to describe the hazard patterns, process and proposed solutions. Describe the pattern you see in each map (e.g., Most tornadoes occur in the South and lower Midwest). Describe the process that causes this pattern (e.g, Clashes of cold and warm air masses, moist conditions, formation of thunderstorms, flat,open land, etc.). Describe proposed solutions (e.g., Practice a tornado drill, keep safety supplies, heed warnings, go to the basement, etc.). Again, you will need to do research and cite your sources.There should only be one hazard or physical geography phenomena per map set. Do not use more than one layer in a map set. If your local map shows areas of landslide susceptibility, then your regional and continental/global map should also show areas of landslide susceptibility.Make sure that each of your maps provides somewhat different information (different patterns and/or processes) so that you have something new to say for each of the different scales (zoom levels). How will your project be graded? The map and paragraph captions for each "sphere" will each be assessed based on simple rubric. You can find these rubrics in the submission areas for each. Please use them for reference. Part 2 Discussion 5: Formulate geographic research questions and hypothesis Overview You will collaborate with your peers using this Canvas discussion board to formulate geographic research questions and hypotheses about geography patterns and processes. This assignment addresses Learning Outcome SLO 3 & Student Performance Objective SPO 6. See the syllabus for definitions and details. Directions Post a reply to this discussion board a with a written paragraph (1 pts, 5 sentence minimum) reflection on a specific geography research question about the age of a place or item, and why you have the question. You must choose a natural physical geography feature or place, not a human-made or conceived place (e.g., no artificial lakes or the Bermuda Triangle!). Include an image of the feature or place, with a caption describing the image and a citation for the images source.Your reply can use the following format: "I have always wondered about _____________ because ______? How do scientists know the age of _________________? What evidence do scientists have about the age of ________________? Note: Some questions will sound awkward with the above format. Feel free to phrase your question in a similar but non-awkward format. Read your peers research questions and then reply to at least two of their questions where you provide a specific evidence based hypothesis to answer the student question. (2 pts each, 10 sentence minimum).Your reply should include the following language: "I would like to address the research question ________________." "The best way to determine the age of ____________ would be to _____________." "Scientists know the age of _____________ because of the following research _______________." "I used background information from _________ in my answer." Student #1 I've always wondered about Mt. Fuji because I always wanted to know how it and its surrounding beauty was formed. How do scientists know about the formation of Mt Fuji ? Do they know how long it took for it to get to its modern-day point of beauty? What tells scientists the age of Mt Fuji? Since it's a volcano, what kind of volcano is it? When was its last eruption? Is there a possibility of a future eruption? Student #2 I have always wondered about Mount Everest because it is considered to be the highest mountain on earth. How do you measure the height of a mountain? Mount Everest is considered to be about 60 million years old. How do scientists know the age of Mount Everest? What evidence do scientists have about the age of Mount Everest? Part 3 Discussion 6: Evaluate and apply solutions to complex real world physical geography problems Overview To complete this discussion assignment you will collaborate using social media and discussion board tools to evaluate and apply solutions to complex real world physical geography problems. This assignment addresses Learning Outcome SLO 3 & Student Performance Objective SPO 7. See the syllabus for definitions and details. Directions Identify a current news story (within the past 6 months) about problems associated with the one of the following lithosphere topics: earthquakes, faulting, mountain building, or volcanism.Post a web link to the news story in a new reply to this discussion board. 3.In your post (10 sentences minimum, using college level writing): Briefly summarize the lithosphere problem in the news story. Your summary should include mention where the story takes place, what caused the particular lithosphere hazard to occur and its impact on the local area.Come up with your own solution to the problem and describe your proposed solution. Note: You don't have to invent a solution to plate tectonics or volcanism...but what are your unique ideas about how to solve the problems they cause to humans? 1.Read your classmates' initial posts and then post your reply, which should evaluate the solutions viability, real world application, potential limitations, cost, and likelihood of future adoption. The Instructor will monitor the posts and provide feedback using rubrics. An important Note on PLAGIARISM This is a reminder that any assignments you turn in to this course must be written in your own words. Copying from the internet or any other source can only be done if you put the text in quotes and immediately cite the source next to the quote. Although, you should refrain from this and instead put ideas gathered from your research into your own words. This is called paraphrasing. All of your assignments in this course are checked using Turnitin's plagiarism detection software. Plagiarism is a serious academic offense with serious consequences. Please see the links below for suggestions on how to successfully paraphrase sources and how to avoid plagiarism in general. Student #1 https://www.wbrz.com/news/puerto-rico-rocked-by-4-9-magnitude-earthquake-friday/ (Links to an external site.) On July 3, 2020 a 4.9 magnitude rocked Puerto Rico. The earthquake is one of many that have rocked the island nonstop within the last year. Thankfully there was no threat of a tsunami for the islanders, who are still recovering from a major earthquake in 2019. The most destruction experienced from this earthquake was an empty house that collapsed and thankfully was vacant. This July earthquake was a tremor from one that occurred in January with a magnitude of 6.4. One of the reasons for the onslaught of earthquakes that have been occurring in Puerto Rico is the location of the island, which is between the Caribbean and Northern American tectonic plates. The North American plate is sliding beneath the Caribbean plate and creating the earthquakes that are experienced on the island. I don’t believe that anyone as ignorant as myself to this topic can realistically propose any ideas on how to solve earthquakes without the generic response of minimizing the causes of global warming. What I can realistically and seriously offer as an idea is to promote efforts to upgrade buildings to higher standards so that they can withstand the earthquakes and minimize the damage and fatalities that are a result of the earthquakes. In the brief time that I’ve been in this class I’ve learned more about the destruction that we’re intentionally and unintentionally doing to this planet and I’m terrified and depressed about it. Even if we stopped every bad thing we do daily, today, the damage seems to be done. This has nothing to do with the topic maybe but I felt like discussing it because its an honest response. I’m praying for the world. Student 2 On October 30th, Greece and Turkey were hit by a 7.0 magnitude earthquake that happened in the Aegean Sea 13 miles below the seafloor which was quite shallow for earthquakes in this area. The earthquake damaged buildings and also caused water to rush into the streets. Around 14 people died and over 400 people were injured. This area of the world sees earthquakes often but it's not as simple as some of the other earthquake-prone areas of the world. Many other places around the world have earthquakes that are typical caused by two tectonic plates, but not the Aegean sea. This is because the area does not just have one single fault that can cause an earthquake but rather many in one area, all of which can cause earthquakes. Geologically this area of the Aegean Sea is located where the plates of the African, Eurasian, and Arabian meet. Because of this natural event that occurs, solutions to this are limited to what is in our control as humans. Simply put, we cannot control or prevent earthquakes, but we can, however, rebuild or fortify existing buildings to be stronger and withstand earthquakes. We can also build in areas that are less prone to earthquake activity. Creating and implementing emergency safety plans for the areas prone to earthquakes such as California or in this case the areas around the Aegean sea is also another suggestion. Lastly, education about earthquakes and earthquake safety should be not only taught early on in school but also continued in order to inform communities about how to protect themselves and be prepared in the case of an emergency. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/10/greece-and-turkey-earthquake-driven-by-wild-tectonics-of-aegean-sea/ Part 4 Overview For this assignment you will get some formal instructor feedback to help guide your reflective process. How to Complete Your Assignment For this assignment you will need to: Choose one assignment from this class to reflect on. NOTE: If you submit a reflection from a different class, you will fail this assignment.Write the equivalent of a one-two page double-spaced essay about what you have learned. Your reflection must discuss how you met the requirements of one of the course Student Learning Outcomes. In addition, choose two or more of the questions below to answer: What skills do you feel this assignment helped you to develop the most?Do you feel that in doing this assignment your academic skills have improved? If yes, how? If no, why not?What are your learning goals for your next assignment? What skills do you feel you need to work on more? Explain your answer.What would you change about the way you wrote this paper/did this assignment? (Think in terms of the time, place, and way in which you organized your project.)Can you think of anything else you can do outside of this class that will help you on your next project? Explain your ideas.How has this assignment helped you study for your other classes? Submit your work here in the CANVAS system as a pdf. Directions to Submit On the right hand Menu, you will see a SUBMIT ASSIGNMENT button with a white plus sign.Click on the SUBMIT ASSIGNMENT button. Then click BROWSE to look for your file on your computer.When done, click the SUBMIT ASSIGNMENT button

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Part 1:Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words: Do you think racial categories should be excluded from arrest and victimization statistics?Which sociological theory do you feel best explains racial differences in crime trends?Part 2: Imagine this scenario: It’s the 2nd week of the summer criminal justice internship program, and you will be researching data related to the racial and ethnic background of criminal offenders and victims to share with the interns. Understanding the racial and ethnic demographics within your own community will help the interns gain a better understand of diversity in criminal justice.Use the “Explore data by location and data set” section of the Improving access to crime data page on the FBI’s Crime Data Explorer website, and research crime, victim, and arrest data by race in your home state( Washington,DC). Use the following instructions to navigate to the information on that page:On the “Explore by location and data set” area of the page, you will see the “Data Collections”dropdown menu. On the dropdown menu:Select Crime.Select your home state from the United States map below the menu.Review the crime data that populates for your home state.On the “Explore by location and data set” area of the page, you will see the “Data Collections” dropdown menu. On the dropdown menu:Select Arrest.Select your home state from the United States map below the menu.Review the arrest data that populates for your home state.Select 2 criminal justice agencies to compare for this assignment.To research the 2 criminal justice agencies you selected:Access “Criminal Victimization, 2018“ on the Bureau of Justice Statistics website data on crime victimization, and review the break down of victims by race and ethnicity.Locate the 2 criminal justice agencies’ demographic breakdown data on their local websites. For example, if 1 of your selected agencies was the Mesa Police Department, you would use the Police Employee Demographics & Community Profile Summary from the City of Mesa website.Select a crime type and compare victims’ and offenders’ racial and ethnic breakdown as reported by the 2 criminal justice agencies you have selected.Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which you:Describe which 2 criminal justice agencies you selected and each agency’s staff demographic.Compare racial and ethnic arrest data between the 2 local criminal justice agencies that you selected over a 10-year span.What is the difference between the 2 related to the race and ethnicity of those arrested?Explain how this information helps illustrate the disparity of criminal offenders and victims.Cite 2 references to support your assignment.Format your paper according to APA guidelines