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Running head: SYSTEMS OF ETHICS 1

Systems of Ethics

Name

Institution

SYSTEMS OF ETHICS 2

Systems of Ethics

Introduction

Each day, society becomes accustomed to various ethical issues that arise due to

various actions by humans. Humans have to engage in ethical reasoning to deliver some of

their actions to ensure that they promote the good of society. People use different forms of

ethical reasoning to arrive at a conclusion about something. The three primary philosophical

approaches to consider in ethical reasoning are virtue ethics, deontological ethics, and

utilitarianism. All three systems of ethics are regarded as normative ethics or a process of

determining ethical behaviors. This paper will discuss virtue ethics, deontology, and

utilitarianism, along with their strengths and weaknesses, and Peter Singer's argument from

unnecessary suffering and his account of speciesism.

Utilitarianism

Utilitarianism is normative ethics that entail the determination of right from wrong by

focusing on the outcomes. Utilitarianism falls under the consequentialist ethics that refer to

the determination of the moral content of any particular action using the real and expected

consequences of that particular action. According to consequentialist ethics, one considers an

action morally good if the consequence of the action is desirable, and the action could be

morally bad if the consequences are undesirable. Utilitarianism focuses on society by

identifying a morally good action for the general society. Utilitarianism states that the most

ethical choice in society is one that would produce the greatest good for society's greatest

number (Shafer-Landau, 2012). From a utilitarian perspective, one can evaluate the actions to

undertake based on society's welfare. Western society considers utilitarianism as an ethical

tool for holding and judging actions based on the costs and benefits for society. Society

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Running head: SYSTEMS OF ETHICS 1 Systems of Ethics Name Institution SYSTEMS OF ETHICS 2 Systems of Ethics Introduction Each day, society becomes accustomed to various ethical issues that arise due to various actions by humans. Humans have to engage in ethical reasoning to deliver some of their actions to ensure that they promote the good of society. People use different forms of ethical reasoning to arrive at a conclusion about something. The three primary philosophical approaches to consider in ethical reasoning are virtue ethics, deontological ethics, and utilitarianism. All three systems of ethics are regarded as normative ethics or a process of determining ethical behaviors. This paper will discuss virtue ethics, deontology, and utilitarianism, along with their strengths and weaknesses, and Peter Singer's argument from unnecessary suffering and his account of speciesism. Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is normative ethics that entail the determination of right from wrong by focusing on the outcomes. Utilitarianism falls under the consequentialist ethics that refer to the determination of the moral content of any particular action using the real and expected consequences of that particular action. According to consequentialist ethics, one considers an action morally good if the consequence of the action is desirable, and the action could be morally bad if the consequences are undesirable. Utilitarianism focuses on society by identifying a morally good action for the g ...
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Tags: Virtue ethics utilitarianism peter singer ethical behaviors deontology