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Changes With Aging.edited

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Running head: CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH AGING 1
Changes Associated with Aging
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CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH AGEING 2
Changes Associated With Aging
Introduction
Aging can be defined as the process through which the body of a person matures or
becomes older, accumulating damage to macromolecules, cells, tissues, and organs as time
passes. Aging often encompasses physiological, functional, and sensory changes. On the positive
side, the wisdom and knowledge of world events expand due to exposure to numerous
experiences. On the other hand, the health of a person deteriorates with time.
The actual cause of aging has not been discovered. Several theories have been established
to attempt to explain the origin of aging. The damage concept associates aging with the
accumulation of damage that occurs at a cellular level. For instance, the oxidative damage of
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) causes some biological systems to fail in performing their proper
function. There is also the programmed aging concept, which suggests that aging comes as a
result of internal processes such as the methylation of DNA whereby methyl groups are added to
the DNA molecule changing the activity of the unit without altering its sequence. Methylation
represses gene transcription altering normal functioning.
Telomere shortening has been proved to cause the decay and eventual death of cells.
Telomeres are bits of DNA located at the ends of chromosomes. They protect the real DNA
every time a cell divides. Cells divide by copying the DNA that unwraps. The very last bit of
chromosome is, however, not copied. This leads to a shortening of telomeres to a final point that
prevents further replication and division. The cells at that time, simply age and die. In addition,
antagonistic pleiotropic mechanisms such as oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen are
essential at the reproductive age but are harmful as one ages. They contribute to the decay of

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Running head: CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH AGING Changes Associated with Aging Name of Student Institution Affiliation Course Date 1 CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH AGEING 2 Changes Associated With Aging Introduction Aging can be defined as the process through which the body of a person matures or becomes older, accumulating damage to macromolecules, cells, tissues, and organs as time passes. Aging often encompasses physiological, functional, and sensory changes. On the positive side, the wisdom and knowledge of world events expand due to exposure to numerous experiences. On the other hand, the health of a person deteriorates with time. The actual cause of aging has not been discovered. Several theories have been established to attempt to explain the origin of aging. The damage concept associates aging with the accumulation of damage that occurs at a cellular level. For instance, the oxidative damage of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) causes some biological systems to fail in performing their proper function. There is also the programmed aging concept, which suggests that aging comes as a result of internal processes such as the methylation of DNA whereby methyl groups are added to the DNA molecule changing the activity of the unit without altering its sequence. Methylation represses gene transcription altering normal functioning. Telomere shortening has been proved to cause the decay and eventual death of cells. Telomeres are bits of DNA located at the ends of chromosomes. They protect ...
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