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Typhoid fever 1

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TYPHOID FEVER /SALMONELLA INFECTION PHIRI.R Definition • Typhoid fever is a systemic infectious (enteric fever) disease caused by salmonella typhi characterized by high continuous fever, malaise, and rose colored spots . Causative Organism • A bacteria called Salmonella typhi. • The organism is readily killed by drying, pasteurization, and common disinfectants. Reservoir of infection • Man is the only reservoir of infection. • Both cases and carriers are infectious as long as the bacilli appears in stools or urine. • Carriers may be temporary (incubatory, convalescent) or chronic. • Convalescent carriers excrete the bacilli for 6 to 8 weeks. Source of infection • The primary sources of infection are faeces and urine from the sick or carriers; • The secondary sources are contaminated water, food, formites, fingers and flies. Environmental and Social Factors • Incidence of typhoid rises during the rainy season in which, there is also an increase in fly population. • Outside the human body, the bacilli are found in water, ice, food, milk and soil for varying periods of time. • Typhoid bacilli do not multiply in water; many of them die within 48 hours to 7 days. • The bacilli may survive for over a month in ice and ice cream, up to 70 days in soil irrigated with sewage under moist conditions, and about 30 days or more in dry conditions. Cont’d • The bacilli multiply and survive in food especially milk, vegetables grown in sewage farms or ...
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