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Open Loop Control Is a Control System Exam Practice

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REVIEW for Exam 1 – Fall 2016

Also refer to your bullet-pointed DQ answers to guide your study. There should be a great deal of

overlap with these questions, although this review sheet is more in-depth.

1. What is open-loop control? What is closed-loop control? Give mechanical examples. Does

human movement strictly utilize one or the other? No. Identify movement examples where

one type of control is emphasized more than the other. What factors shift the balance in one

direction or the other? What key term or concept is associated with closed loop control?

What key term or concept is associated with open loop control?

Open loop control is a control system in which all the information needed to initiate and

carry out an action as planned is contained in the initial instructions to the effector.

Closed loop control when feedback is used during the course of action. Feedback is

closed. Ballistic is open loop. Sowing is closed loop while throwing a football is open loop.

2. How does motor control differ from motor performance? What is motor equivalence? What

are some examples? What is motor learning? Motor development? What does aging refer

to?

Motor control is how our neuromuscular system functions to coordinate muscles and limbs

involved in the performance of a skill. Motor performance is three influences on how a motor

skill is performed: the person, the skill, and performance environment. Motor equivalence is

accomplishing the same goal in a different way.

3. What is the good news regarding human movement? And the resulting dilemma?

We are versatile movers is good. We have too many degrees of freedom.

4. Give examples of outcome measures for both time and space. Be able to use these

measurements to assess motor performance. What are examples of production measures? If

I provide a skill, you should be able to identify some possible dependent measures.

Outcome measures for Time:

Reaction time: response to stimulus before movement begins

Movement Time: time from movement begin to movement end

Response Time: reaction + Movement time

Temporal accuracy: too fast, too slow, too variable

Outcome measures for Space:

Distance: how far

Percent errors or number of errors

Endpoint accuracy: Points scored, distance from goal, number of attempts, distance over or under from

goal

Endpoint Consistency: an error score representing the variability of performance

Production measures:

EMG: measures muscles

Kinetics: force and pressure

Kinematics: displacement, velocity, acceleration

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5. Give examples for kinematic and kinetic measures. What does EMG tells us? EEG? fMRI?

Kinematic: distance, speed, acceleration, anything with no force

Kinetics: anything with force and pressure

EMG measures muscles

fMRI is the brain

EEG is the brain

6. How can you measure actions such as: juggling? walking? picking up a cup? catching a

ball? correctly lifting weights? handwriting? balancing on a wobble board? driving a golf

ball? putting? Identify more than one dependent variable for each. Just think through these

so you can think through measurement of actions in general. (See you DQ!)

Look at number 4

7. Describe the concept of “coordination.” Relate this concept to the AOF – be able to identify

whether coordination of lower body and/or upper body differs between two action

scenarios.

Coordination is the relationship between to variables/limbs and the head. Relationship between the arms

and legs while running. Describe how someone with cerebral palsy vs normal person is walking or

throwing an item.

8. What is a parameter? Give examples and contrast with coordination.

Features of a skill that can vary from one performance to another such as speed, force and direction.

Coordination is differences in the pattern in how it looks.

Parameters is values in the pattern such as kinetics.

9. Be able to classify an action and defend: 1) discrete, serial, continuous tasks; and 2) closed

vs. open skill. What regulatory conditions are involved in making an action more closed or

more open? How does intertrial variability relate to open and closed skills? (Use the Gentile

chart.)

Discrete: single quick action

Serial: several discrete actions in a sequence

Continuous: arbitrary beginning and end points

Closed skill: closed off environment, stable environment

Open skill: open changing environment

Regulatory conditions: stationary or in motion determines closed or open

Intertrial Variability: if the conditions of the trial are the same from one trial to another

10. How do open loop control and closed loop control differ from open skill and closed skill? Be

able to think this through so you classify the skill and determine how it is primarily

controlled.

Open and closed loop are based whether there is feedback from the environment. Open and closed skills

are based on how stable or changing the environment is.

11. When observing an action, the Action Observation Framework begins with posture and

with coordination, and from the feet up. Why is this process helpful?

Because It organizes the process in a logical way and forces us to closely analyze the situation.

12. What were the primary observable differences between the young adult (YA) carrying the

half-full and full glass of water? What were the primary observable differences between the

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REVIEW for Exam 1 – Fall 2016 Also refer to your bullet-pointed DQ answers to guide your study. There should be a great deal of overlap with these questions, although this review sheet is more in-depth. 1. What is open-loop control? What is closed-loop control? Give mechanical examples. Does human movement strictly utilize one or the other? No. Identify movement examples where one type of control is emphasized more than the other. What factors shift the balance in one direction or the other? What key term or concept is associated with closed loop control? What key term or concept is associated with open loop control? Open loop control is a control system in which all the information needed to initiate and carry out an action as planned is contained in the initial instructions to the effector. Closed loop control when feedback is used during the course of action. Feedback is closed. Ballistic is open loop. Sowing is closed loop while throwing a football is open loop. 2. How does motor control differ from motor performance? What is motor equivalence? What are some examples? What is motor learning? Motor development? What does aging refer to? Motor control is how our neuromuscular system functions to coordinate muscles and limbs involved in the performance of a skill. Motor performance is three influences on how a motor skill is performed: the person, the skill, and performance environment. Motor equivalence is accomplishing the same goal in a different way. 3. What is the go ...
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Tags: motor control motor development Open Loop Control examples of outcome measures Outcome measures for Space