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Health Compromising Behavior Study Notes

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2/7/2018
PSY 320
Chapter 5: Health Compromising Behavior
Characteristics of health-compromising behaviors
o Obesity
o Eating Disorders
o Alcoholism and problem drinking
o What is substance dependence?
o Smoking
o Habitual and addictive
o Window of vulnerability in adolescence
o Influenced by peer pressure
o Pleasurable and helps to cope with stress
o Develop gradually
o Have similar causative factors
o Common in the lower social classes
Obesity
o Excessive accumulation of body fat
o Risks
Contributes to:
Death rates for all cancers and cardiovascular disease
Atherosclerosis, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and heart failure
Increases risks in surgery, anesthesia, administration, and childbearing
o Major cause of disability
o Lowers the drive to exercise
o Difficulty performing basic tasks
o Poor cognitive functioning
o Associated with early mortality
o Can cause psychological, social, and economic stress
Obesity in childhood
o Causes
Genetics
Forceful feeding style
Sedentary lifestyle
o Depends on the number and size of an individual’s fat cells
SES, Culture, and Obesity
o Factors that influence obesity
Social status and culture
Depression
High neuroticism, extraversion, and impulsivity
Social networks
Siblings and friends who are obese

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Dieting as Risk Factors for Obesity
o Yo-yo dieting
Successive cycles of dieting and weight gain
Enhances the efficiency of food use
Lowers metabolic rate
o Set point theory of weight
Each individual has an ideal biological weight, which cannot be greatly
modified
Stress
o Affects eating habits of different people in different ways
o Can disinhibit food consumption
o Stress eating
Practice of eating in response to stress
Tied to anxiety and depression
Ways to treat obesity
o Dieting
o Surgery
o Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Screening
Self-monitoring
Stimulus control
Controlling eating
o Self reinforcement
o Controlling self-talk
o Adding exercise
o Stress management
o Social support
o Relapse Prevention
Preventive Measures for Obesity
o Training parents on sensible meal-planning and eating habits
o Changing lifestyles at a young age
o School-based interventions
o Social engineering strategies
Eating Disorders
o Developed due to the pursuit of thinness
o Highest disability and mortality rates of all behavioral disorders
o Lead to:
Depression and anxiety
Low self-esteem and poor sense of mastery

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2/7/2018 • • • • PSY 320 Chapter 5: Health Compromising Behavior Characteristics of health-compromising behaviors o Obesity o Eating Disorders o Alcoholism and problem drinking o What is substance dependence? o Smoking o Habitual and addictive o Window of vulnerability in adolescence o Influenced by peer pressure o Pleasurable and helps to cope with stress o Develop gradually o Have similar causative factors o Common in the lower social classes Obesity o Excessive accumulation of body fat o Risks ▪ Contributes to: ➢ Death rates for all cancers and cardiovascular disease ➢ Atherosclerosis, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and heart failure ▪ Increases risks in surgery, anesthesia, administration, and childbearing o Major cause of disability o Lowers the drive to exercise o Difficulty performing basic tasks o Poor cognitive functioning o Associated with early mortality o Can cause psychological, social, and economic stress Obesity in childhood o Causes ▪ Genetics ▪ Forceful feeding style ▪ Sedentary lifestyle o Depends on the number and size of an individual’s fat cells SES, Culture, and Obesity o Factors that influence obesity ▪ Social status and culture ▪ Depression ▪ High neuroticism, extraversion, and impulsivity ▪ Social networks ▪ Siblings and friends who are obese • • • • • Dieting as Risk Factors for Obesity o Yo-yo dieting ▪ Successive cycles of dieting and weight gain ➢ Enhances the efficiency of food use ➢ Lo ...
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