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SC 121 Capillary Exchange and Special Circulations Presentation

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CAPILLARY EXCHANGE AND SPECIAL CIRCULATIONS Nutrient exchange ▪ ▪ ▪ Only in capillaries Capillaries consist of endothelium and a basement membrane. Capillary blood flow is intermittent (controlled by conditions in the capillary bed). Nutrient exchange mechanisms ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Diffusion (fat-soluble) Facilitated diffusion Fenestrated capillaries (pores) Sinusoids (larger spaces between cells) Trancystosis (endocytotic vesicles move through the cell) Bulk flow / filtration (due to pressure) - forces fluid out on the arteriole end of the capillary and back in on venous end Pressures in capillary exchange ▪ ▪ Hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure): pressure of the fluid on the wall of the capillary – pushes out of the capillary - arteriole end: 35mmHg out - venous end: 17mmHg out Osmotic pressure: largely due to albumin – pulls into the capillary - albumin stays in the plasma - albumin pulls water into the blood vessel - osmotic pressure: 25mmHg in Capillary exchange ▪ ▪ Arteriole end: 35mmHg out and 25mmHg in net: 10mmHg pushing out Venous end: 17mmHg out and 25mmHg in net: 8mmHg pulling in Adequate blood pressure is necessary to drive capillary exchange. Blood pressure must be greater than osmotic pressure to push fluid out on the arteriole end. Significance of lymph ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ More fluid typically leaves the capillary than returns. Lymph vessels are located near capillary beds. Lymph capillaries drain excess interstitial flu ...
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