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Pcn 523 Topic 6 Short Answer Questions

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PCN-523 Topic 6: Short Answer Questions
Part 1: Career Counseling Assessments.
1. What is a performance appraisal?
A performance appraisal is a regular assessment of the job performance of an employee
and the overall contribution to an organization. Performance appraisals enable companies to
make their employees regarding their potentials, competencies, and their growth rates. It allows
workers to be intentional in developing their developmental goals to aid them in the personal
growth (Cintrón & Flaniken, 2011). Organizations further use employ performance appraisals to
provide employees with big-picture feedback on their job and to validate bonuses and salary
increase, in addition to firing decisions. Additionally, as noted by Cohen & Swerdlik (2017)
performance appraisal results in positive employees’ emotional state or job satisfaction.
2. What are behavioral observation scales?
The behavioral observation scales are methods of appraisal that measures behavior
against the performance levels and as well measures the frequency of the occurrence of the
behaviors (Cohen & Swerdlik, 2017). They are rating mechanisms that need the raters to
examine the frequency with which worker engage in certain behaviors. Work analysis techniques
are then used to generate behaviors that reflect the changing performance effectiveness levels,
and raters indicate the occurrence frequency for every behavior on a numeric scale, for instance,
ranging from 1=never to 6=always (Wilson et al, 2013). The raters then determine the total score
of every individual through adding the responses of every behavioral item. Eventually, a factor
analysis is carried out to select the most discriminating items.

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© 2017. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.
3. What is meta-analysis?
Cohen & Swerdlik (2017) define meta-analysis as a combination of quantitative
techniques employed to statistically combine research findings across studies to come up with
particular estimates of the variable under study. Meta-analysis can further help in developing
statistical significance across studies, which may be having conflicting conclusions. Meta-
analysis is important as it provides statistical significance of information, which increases the
validity of any observed variations. Consequently, meta-analysis increases the reliability and
accuracy of the information being used (Cohen & Swerdlik, 2017). More so, meta-analysis
facilitates evidence-based practice, which can be described as a professional practice founded on
research findings.
Part 2: Career Counseling Intelligence Tests.
1. Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales:
The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales is an intelligence test administered individually
that was revised from the original Binet - Simon scale and translated to English by psychologist
Lewis Terman of Stanford University. The Stanford-Binet Intelligence scale has five versions
namely; the Binet-Simon test (first edition 1916), the second edition (the 1960 revision), the third
revision of the Stanford-Binet published in 1972, the fourth edition of the Stanford-Binet
Intelligence Scale (SB:FE, published in 1986), and it is now in its fifth edition (SB5) which was
released in 2003 (Cohen & Swerdlik, 2017). The SB-5 offers a highly reliable assessment of
cognitive and intellectual abilities across an individual’s life span, founded on a large normative
sample. It is applicable to people from the age of 2 years to 85 years. The SB5 measures five
intellectual abilities that include fluid intelligence, crystallized knowledge, quantitative

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PCN-523 Topic 6: Short Answer Questions Part 1: Career Counseling Assessments. 1. What is a performance appraisal? A performance appraisal is a regular assessment of the job performance of an employee and the overall contribution to an organization. Performance appraisals enable companies to make their employees regarding their potentials, competencies, and their growth rates. It allows workers to be intentional in developing their developmental goals to aid them in the personal growth (Cintrón & Flaniken, 2011). Organizations further use employ performance appraisals to provide employees with big-picture feedback on their job and to validate bonuses and salary increase, in addition to firing decisions. Additionally, as noted by Cohen & Swerdlik (2017) performance appraisal results in positive employees’ emotional state or job satisfaction. 2. What are behavioral observation scales? The behavioral observation scales are methods of appraisal that measures behavior against the performance levels and as well measures the frequency of the occurrence of the behaviors (Cohen & Swerdlik, 2017). They are rating mechanisms that need the raters to examine the frequency with which worker e ...
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