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Impulse And Momentum

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User Generated
Subject
Physics
School
Austin Community College
Type
Homework
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Introduction
In this experiment, a dynamics cart was rolled on a level track and made to collide with an elastic bumper
at the end of the track. To illustrate the impulse-momentum theorem, the velocity of the cart before and
after collision with the bumper is recorded, as well as the impulse. As per the impulse-momentum theorem,
the change in momentum, which incorporates the change in velocity, should be equal to the recorded
impulse of the cart.
In this experiment, the total mechanical energy of the sliding glider on an inclined air track is determined
to show that its total mechanical energy is conserved regardless of its position on the air track. To illustrate
the conversation of energy, the calculated kinetic energy (KE), potential energy (PE), and total mechanical
energy (E) are plotted on a graph with the displacement on the x-axis and the energy on the y-axis.
To prepare the setup, the dynamics cart is placed on the air track, which was made sure to be level. Two
elastic bumpers were used, one that is soft and one that is stiff. The cart was then made to collide with the
bumper at the end of the air track. The velocities before and after the collision was recorded using Logger
Pro while the impulse was recorded using Vernier Motion Encoder and Vernier Force Sensor. The change
in velocity is measured by taking the difference between the final and initial velocities, which was then
used to measure the change in momentum, by multiplying with the mass of the cart. Finally, the impulse
was then compared with the change in momentum by taking their % difference to show if the two values
are indeed equal.
Data and Analysis
Mass of the cart m = 0.3164 kg
Trial
Final
Velocity v
f
(m/s)
Initial
Velocity v
i
(m/s)
Change of
Velocity Δv
(m/s)
Impulse by
∫Fdt (N s)
Average
Force F
avg
(N)
Time
interval Δt
(s)
1
0.5125
-0.5354
1.0479
0.3355
1.117
0.29
2
0.6427
-0.6990
1.3417
0.4289
0.2147
0.20
Trial
Impulse by ∫Fdt (N s)
Change in Momentum
Δp (kg m/s)
% diff: ∫Fdt and Δp
1
0.3355
0.3316
1.17 %
2
0.4289
0.4245
1.03 %
In order to calculate for the change of velocity, the formula Δv = v
f
v
i
is used where v
f
represents the final
velocity and v
i
represents the initial velocity. The change in momentum is then calculated using the formula
Δp = mΔv where m represents the mass of the cart and Δv represents the change in velocity. Finally, the %
difference between the impulse and change in momentum is calculated using the formula
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
.
All calculations for the data are shown below:
Change in velocity (Trial 1)
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 
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 


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Introduction In this experiment, a dynamics cart was rolled on a level track and made to collide with an elastic bumper at the end of the track. To illustrate the impulse-momentum theorem, the velocity of the cart before and after collision with the bumper is recorded, as well as the impulse. As per the impulse-momentum theorem, the change in momentum, which incorporates the change in velocity, should be equal to the recorded impulse of the cart. In this experiment, the total mechanical energy of the sliding glider on an inclined air track is determined to show that its total mechanical energy ...
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