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Handout: Naming Organic Compounds A. IUPAC Naming General Rules: Prefix + Parent + Suffix Substituents Family Longest carbon chain Some Substituent Names Substituent Substituent Name Group Hydrocarbon alkyl with single bonds only 1. Name parent+suffix: longest carbon chain + family suffix. 2. Number carbons in parent chain: Begin numbering from end that meets specified criteria (*See Nomenclature Chart). 3. Name prefix: substituent position #s and names (grouping repeated substituents together using di-, tri-, etc). 4. Write full name, listing substituents in alphabetical order (ignoring di-, tetra- in alphabetizing). Methane Ethane Propane Butane Pentane Hexane Heptane Octane Nonane Decane H2 C H 3C methyl ethyl CH 3 CH 3 C H H 3C isopropyl H 3C C H C H H2 C isobutyl H2 C CH 3 sec-butyl CH 3 H 3C C CH 3 O C Name H 3C H 3C Name Format: #–substituent–#–substituentparentsuffix Some Parent Alkane Names No. of Structure Carbons 1 CH4 2 CH3CH3 3 CH3CH2CH3 4 CH3 CH2CH2CH3 5 CH3 CH2CH2CH2CH3 6 CH3 CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 7 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 8 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 9 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 10 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 Specific Examples acyl R (Ends with –oyl, except for acetyl) –OR alkoxy O formyl tert-butyl O O C C H 3C H 3C acetyl propanoyl H 3C H 3C methoxy C H2 H2 C ethoxy HC O keto C –OH -NO2 –NH2 -X (halogen) hydroxy nitro amino halo -Cl chloro -Br bromo -I iodo phenyl H. Kim for Chem 30B 1 B. ...
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