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Infrastructure Violence and Possible Solutions Article Analysis

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Assessment of Infrastructure Violence and Possible Solutions

The article by Appel, published in the Ethnography Journal, reviews the ethnographic

condition in Equatorial. There is a sharp contrast between the quality of life within the

enclaves owned by oil companies and the quality of life that more than 600,000 population

outside the enclaves live (Appel 439). The author paints a clear picture of the difference in

services brought about by infrastructure violence, responsibility and abdication as well as

entanglement and disentanglement. The effective and relevant solutions are found to the three

problems of infrastructure violence, responsibility abdication, and disentanglement in

Equatorial Guinea.

Objective and goal: The main objective is presenting possible solutions that can reduce the

infrastructure gap between the enclaves built by oil companies and the underdeveloped

infrastructure in the country.

Significance of the problem: The main problem presented in the article is that despite

Equatorial Guinea having a high per capita GDP on par with Italy, the country is plagued

with the problem of poor infrastructure.

• The oil companies have built enclaves where the infrastructure is more developed

than in the surrounding community.

• The oil companies seem to have abdicated any responsibility of being involved in the

infrastructure development in the country.

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• The disentanglement perspective seeks to absolve oil companies from any role in

infrastructure development using connections of high-ranking officials.

Alternative 1: Development of CSR in Improving the Infrastructure of the Community

Around the Expatriate Enclaves

Appel’s experience in Equatorial Guinea painted a picture of two societies living in

proximity to each other (Appel 440). The first, the expatriate enclave, was funded and built

by the transnational oil companies working in the country. The infrastructure rivals most

European suburbs with constant water, electricity, sewage systems and a continuous supply

of imported food. Beyond the walls of the enclaves there is the Equatoguinean community

that grapples with lack of piped water, electricity and frequent food shortages. Additionally,

cases of malaria and typhoid are more common in the community outside the enclave (Appel

440). The gap between the standards of living is a problem that can be addressed by the

development of corporate social responsibility by the oil companies working in the country.

A company’s success is no longer measured using the bottom line. Instead, a triple bottom

line that includes the surrounding community as stakeholders provides a measure of the

success. Based on this measure, the oil companies have not provided any benefit to the

communities around the enclaves. Adoption of this metric can act as the stepping stone in the

improvement of the quality of life in the community.

Alternative 2: Abdication of Responsibility for the Involvement in Infrastructure

Projects in the Country

Appel highlights that the oil companies in Equatorial Guinea have abdicated their

responsibility in ensuring that the community is also benefiting from the revenue generated

by the oil industry (Appel 443). She highlights cases where the CSR measures only look at

the impact of the infrastructure development within the enclaves. However, citizens are

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Surname 1 Student’s name Tutor Course Date Assessment of Infrastructure Violence and Possible Solutions The article by Appel, published in the Ethnography Journal, reviews the ethnographic condition in Equatorial. There is a sharp contrast between the quality of life within the enclaves owned by oil companies and the quality of life that more than 600,000 population outside the enclaves live (Appel 439). The author paints a clear picture of the difference in services brought about by infrastructure violence, responsibility and abdication as well as entanglement and disentanglement. The effective and relevant solutions are found to the three problems of infrastructure violence, responsibility abdication, and disentanglement in Equatorial Guinea. Objective and goal: The main objective is presenting possible solutions that can reduce the infrastructure gap between the enclaves built by oil companies and the underdeveloped infrastructure in the country. Significance of the problem: The main problem presented in the article is that despite Equatorial Guinea having a high per capita GDP on par with Italy, the country is plagued with the problem of poor infrastructure. • The oil companies have built enclaves where the infrastructure is more developed than in the surrounding community. • The oil companies seem to have abdicated any responsibility of being involved in the infrastructure development in the country. Surname 2 • The disentanglement perspective seeks to abso ...
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Tags: violence Infrastructure Violence Violence Possible Solutions quality of life standards of living