Module 3 – Case Assignment 3JOINT TERRORISM TASK FORCE (JTTF), FUSION CENTERS OPERATIONS AS RELATED TO DHSCase AssignmentJOINT TERRORISM TASK FORCE (JTTF), FUSION CENTERS, AND DHS Information Sharing Fusion Centers: Are they run by the federal government? If so, which branch? Explain.Why are two centers necessary (JTTF and Fusion Centers)? Support your answer.Locate the Fusion Center close to where you live. Give address and phone number.JTTF Members:Noticeably absent from the list of approved members are Fire Marshals. Vetted Fire Marshals can be IC during a disaster in some states. Is it necessary that they be on the JTTF list? Use citations to support your answer.Assignment ExpectationsLength: This Case Assignment should be 4-5 pages, not counting the title page and references.References: At least two references should be included from academic sources (e.g., peer-reviewed journal articles). Required readings are included. Quoted material should not exceed 10% of the total paper (since the focus of these assignments is critical thinking). Use your own words and build on the ideas of others. When material is copied verbatim from external sources, it MUST be enclosed in quotes. The references should be cited within the text and listed at the end of the assignment in the References section (preferably in APA format).Organization: Subheadings should be used to organize your paper according to question.Grammar and Spelling: While no points are deducted for minor errors, assignments are expected to adhere to standard guidelines of grammar, spelling, punctuation, and sentence syntax. Points may be deducted if grammar and spelling impact clarity._______________________________________________________________________________________________Module - BackgroundJOINT TERRORISM TASK FORCE (JTTF), FUSION CENTERS OPERATIONS AS RELATED TO DHSRequired ReadingNational Network of Fusion Centers Fact Sheet (2013). DHS.gov. Retrieved from: http://www.dhs.gov/national-network-fusion-centers...National Prevention Framework (2016), second edition. FEMA. Retrieved from https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/1466017209... Read “Intelligence and Information Sharing,” pp. 10 to 12.The Federal Bureau of Investigations: Just the facts (2017, May12). CRS. Retrieved from https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF1...The White House (2007). Roles of the State and major urban area fusion centers, Appendix 1 - Establishing a National Integrated Network of State and Major Urban Area Fusion Centers. Retrieved from: http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/nsc/inf...Required WebsitesDHS Information Sharing and Safeguarding Strategy. https://www.dhs.gov/information-sharing-and-safegu...Fusion Centers and Joint Terrorism Task Forces. http://www.dhs.gov/fusion-centers-and-joint-terror...Joint Terrorism Task Force; What We Investigate, FBI. https://www.fbi.gov/investigate/terrorism/joint-te...Required VideosInside the Denver Joint Terrorism Task Force. FBI. Inside the Fusion Center, San Antonio News 4.

INITIAL QUESTION: How do laws differ between Canada and the U.S. regarding prostitution?  Why do you think the law is so different in the two countries?  How have other countries addressed this issue recently? How does the Canada law compare with the Nevada laws on prostitution?   What, in your opinion, is the best way to address prostitution?  CLASSMATE 1 KIMBERLY: Prostitution is illegal to buy in Canada however not illegal to hold as an occupation. The new bill is aimed toward keeping women safe from sex trafficking. With making prostitution illegal it does take away from their way of life and when they continue with that, they are putting themselves and their clients at risk.  Purchasing sexual services is a criminal offense and for this offense someone may be sentenced up to five years in prison and pay a mandatory minimum fine.  Prostitution is illegal in the United States except for Nevada, however not all of Nevada, it’s only legal in 10 counties. Until 2009 Rhode Island had a law that allowed indoor prostitution. In some of the 50 states the prostitute and the client are punished equally. In nine states there is an exception where the client is more harshly punished, these states include CO, KS MA, MT, NE, NY, NC, TN and UT. In DE and MN, the prostitute faces a harsher punishment.  Out of 100 countries that were looked at on their policies on prostitution, 53 of them report it legal, 12 is limitedly legal and 35 are illegal. One country for example is Germany. It is legal but regulated, they seek to control it through additional legislation.  The topic of prostitution for me varies, on one side I say why not let men and women get paid for it, it’s their choice. However, on the other side of it, if it was that easy everyone would do it and then where would our society be? I like how Nevada regulates it in brothels and STD testing happens weekly. Everyone has their own opinions about whether it’s degrading but look at all the things’ people are doing to make money. Selling pictures of their feet, wearing panties, and selling them amongst other things, so why not let people decide what to do with their bodies? References How one law changed everything about prostitution in Canada. Guide. (2018, February 27). Retrieved February 16, 2022, from https://www.sbs.com.au/guide/article/2018/02/27/ho... Government of Canada, D. of J. (2018, September 14). Prostitution criminal law reform: Bill C-36, the protection of Communities and Exploited Persons Act. Questions and Answers. Retrieved February 16, 2022, from https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/other-autre/c3... US federal and state prostitution laws and related punishments - prostitution - procon.org. Prostitution. (2020, April 5). Retrieved February 16, 2022, from https://prostitution.procon.org/us-federal-and-state-prostitution-laws-and-related-punishments/#:~:text=Prostitution%20is%20illegal%20in%20the,exception%20of%2010%20Nevada%20counties.&text=Most%20states%20punish%20the%20prostitute,prostitute%20(DE%2C%20MN). Countries and their prostitution policies - prostitution - procon.org. Prostitution. (2020, April 3). Retrieved February 16, 2022, from https://prostitution.procon.org/countries-and-thei... CLASSMATE 2 TRINA: There is a movement to stop the use of the phrase, “child porn” because pornography is a classification that should be reserved for consenting adults. To combine child and porn is misleading because under no circumstances can this be legally consensually. The recommended terminology is child sexual exploitation, because the children in such videos are being exploited. They are not willing participants who are legally capable of consent.  I think the importance of terminology should also be applied to prostitution. Prostitution is often a combination of women who are willing sex workers, and women and girls who are victims of human trafficking and exploitation. Laws related to each of these categories should be separated as they are two separate groups of people with different concerns.  In 2014, Canada passed Bill C-36, which “treats prostitution as a form of sexual exploitation that disproportionately impacts women and girls….Bill C-36 contains prostitution and human trafficking-related amendments” (Department of Justice Canada, 2018, p. 2). The Bill makes it very clear that prostitution and human trafficking go hand in hand, which it often does, but what about the cases in which a woman, willingly chooses to be a sex worker? Laws and regulations in place need to acknowledge that this is different from a woman who is being abused and manipulated by a pimp. The bill made it illegal to purchase sex, which could be charged as a felony. The sale of sex was still legal. Prostitutes were not in violation of the law by selling their personal services, but any time they have a customer, the customer is engaging in illegal activity.  In the United States, the federal government does not regulate prostitution, the states do. Prostitution is illegal in all states except for Nevada, where it is legal in licensed houses of prostitution (ProCon.org, 2018b). What is interesting to note, is that in 2010, in the U.S., out of 62,670 arrests for prostitution and commercialized vice, only 19,480 of those arrested were males (Snyder, 2012). 43,190 of those arrested were females (Snyder, 2012). This would lead one to believe that it was the seller rather than the purchaser of sex that was arrested more often. This changed by 2020, when there were approximately even numbers of males and females arrested for prostitution (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2021). This would indicate that the U.S. is heading in a direction similar to Canada, where the purchase of sex would be criminalized more than the sale.  Prostitution legality varies throughout the world. Many countries have laws against prostitution, such as China, Egypt and Thailand (ProCon.org, 2018a). Other countries have fully legalized prostitution, such as  Germany, Greece and Switzerland (ProCon.org, 2018a). Still other countries have limited legality. France, Ireland and Norway, like Canada, have made it legal to sell sex but not to purchase it (ProCon.org, 2018a).   In my opinion, there needs to be more differentiation between prostitution and human trafficking and laws need to reflect that difference. Prostitution should be regulated as are other sex industries. There also must be consistency in the law. Is it really legal to sell something if it is illegal for anyone to buy it? References Department of Justice Canada (2018, September 14). Prostitution criminal law reform: Bill C-36, the protection of communities and exploited persons act. Department of Justice. https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/other-autre/c36fs_fi/ Federal Bureau of Investigation (2021, December 6). Offender sex by offense category 2020. Federal Bureau of Investigation Crime Data Explorer. https://crime-data-explorer.app.cloud.gov/pages/downloads ProCon.org (2018, April 23). Countries and their prostitution policies. ProCon.org. https://prostitution.procon.org/countries-and-their-prostitution-policies/  ProCon.org (2018, May 4). US federal and state laws and related punishments. ProCon.org. https://prostitution.procon.org/us-federal-and-state-prostitution-laws-and-related-punishments/#3  Snyder, H.N. (2012). Patterns & trends: Arrest in the United States, 1990-2010. Bureau of Justice Statistics. https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/aus9010.pdf CLASSMATE 3 Class, How do laws differ between Canada and the U.S. regarding prostitution? Why do you think the law is so different in the two countries?   The laws regarding prostitution are different between Canada and the U.S. because the federal government allows states to punish offenders. Notably, prostitution is illegal in all states except for some cities in Nevada; however, it is strictly regulated (England, 2020). Some state statutes punish the act of prostitution, and other state statutes criminalize the acts of soliciting prostitution, arranging for prostitution, and operating a house of prostitution (Nevada, 2020). In Canada, prostitutes are not punished by law enforcement because they are viewed as victims (How, 2018). In America, law enforcement can initiate charges against the prostitute, the customer paying for the services, and anyone involved i.e., pimps and traffickers. In America, the crime of prostitution occurs when one agrees to pay for sex and takes some action to further that agreement (Nevada, 2016). Canada is taking a stance to take care of its citizens instead of just punishing them. I think that the people making the decisions in our country are too old and out of touch. Everything is not black and white; we must operate in the gray at times. How have other countries addressed this issue recently? What, in your opinion, is the best way to address prostitution? Prostitution is legal in many countries such as Switzerland, Hungary, Greece, Bolivia, and Thailand, to name a few (Countries, 2020). I do not believe that the act of selling sex should be illegal. However, I do not agree with trafficking or underage prostitution, meaning those under 18 or even 21. Prostitution will never be eradicated; therefore, making arrests and spending taxpayer dollars locking up drug addicts and desperate MEN and women who prostitute fruitless. Politicians must do more than stamp illegal on something. People who have never been desperate or hungry could not imagine what they would do if they were. How do we help prostitutes? Is the answer to lock them up? Since this seems like the only remedy, I believe prostitution should be legalized and REGULATED. How does the Canada law compare with the Nevada laws on prostitution?   There are similarities and differences as in Canada, a person can legally sell their bodies; however, they cannot advertise, which makes no sense. It is as if Canada wants prostitutes on the street. I suppose they are trying to protect them, but not advertising may make things riskier and more challenging to trace perpetrators. In Nevada, prostitutes are set up in a way that keeps them as safe as possible. State or even federal-regulated brothels would be a great starting point. The other 49 States should follow Nevada’s lead. In Nevada, prostitutes must get tested for STDs, use condoms and be at least 18 years old (Nevada, 2016). References Countries and their prostitution policies - prostitution - procon.org. Prostitution. (2020, April 3). From https://prostitution.procon.org/countries-and-thei... England, D. C. (2020, October 8). Prostitution in Nevada: Laws and penalties. www.criminaldefenselawyer.com. From https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/pr... How one law changed everything about prostitution in Canada. Guide. (2018, February 27). From https://www.sbs.com.au/guide/article/2018/02/27/ho... Nevada prostitution and Solicitation Laws. Findlaw. (2016, June 21). From https://www.findlaw.com/state/nevada-law/nevada-pr... CLASSMATE 4 ANDREW: Bill C-36 was introduced to Canada in 2014 and it criminalizes people that pay prostitutes for sex, but allows prostitutes to legally go about their business (Scott, 2018). Essentially, it legally permits selling sex, but makes it illegal to buy. Bill C-36 treats the women that participate as victims and the government claims that the provisions are aimed at keeping them safe from predators and traffickers (Scott, 2018).  Criminalization began in the United States in the late nineteenth century, alongside the movement for the prohibition of alcohol (Altemimei, 2013). Up until that timeframe, it was legal in virtually all states and very prevalent in larger cities. A total prohibition exists for prostitution in all fifty states, except for eleven small counties in Nevada (Altemimei, 2013). Nevada has about thirty legal brothels in rural areas that are regulated.  I think the law is so different between the two countries because Canada accepts the truth that the profession exists and aims to at least afford some protection to the women that participate in it. On the other hand, the United States completely bans it with the exception of some counties in Nevada. It seems like a less sensitive stance in regards to protecting the women that choose to participate in the United States. I believe that Canada exhibits a better effort in taking care of everyone and that is displayed by their universal healthcare system.  Prostitution is still illegal in much of the world. Some countries decriminalize certain aspects of the practice. New Zealand is a country that I found that fully decriminalized sex work. The New Zealand Prostitutes’ Collective (NZPC) is a good example of a successful sex workers’ rights organization as they had a crucial role in the country’s Prostitution Reform Act of 2003 (Rada?i?, 2017). This act fully decriminalized sex work and made it legal for any citizen over 18 years old to sell sex services.  Prostitution is legal in a licensed brothel in Nevada. Brothels are not legal in Canada. Both Nevada and Canada seem to have an interest in protecting the sex workers with their laws by not completely abolishing prostitution and continuing to acknowledge its existence.  My opinion would be to legalize it. It is already referred to as the “world’s oldest profession” and it is going to happen regardless of its legality. The best way would be to regulate it. Allow willing participants to partake while seeking to prevent those that are human trafficked. Test the workers for sexually transmitted diseases and HIV on a constant basis. One issue would possibly be a higher demand if it is legalized versus a lack of supply. This may resort in unwilling participants being forced into the practice. I would be against it if it came to that resort.  References                Altemimei, D. “Prostitution and the Right to Privacy: a Comparative Analysis of Current Law in the United States and Canada.” University of Illinois law review 2013, no. 2 (2013): 625–. Rada?i?, Ivana. “New Zealand Prostitutes’ Collective—An Example of a Successful Policy Actor.” Social sciences (Basel) 6, no. 2 (2017): 46–. Scott, G. (2018, March 6). How one law changed everything about prostitution in Canada? SBS. https://www.sbs.com.au/guide/article/2018/02/27/how-one-law-changed-everything-about-prostitution-canada

How does research play a role in criminal justice policy? Choose a criminal justice policy in the state of Lousiana. How do the strategies used in the selected policy address crime and justice issues? Address gender policies specifically. Discuss gender policies and other theories investigating the biological impact on criminology. For example, should juvenile justice programs be unisex? Why is it important that policy efforts receive support for implementation? Provide concrete and clear examples to explain your answers. Evaluate opposing views and adequately address your final conclusions.The deliverable length for this project is 400-600 words