CompetencyFormulate and evaluate hypothesis tests for population parameters based on sample statistics using both Critical Regions and P-Values, and be able to state results in a non-technical way that can be understood by consumers of the data instead of statisticians.Student ProfileYou are a statistician working for a drug company. A few new scientists have been hired by your company. They are experts in pharmacology, but are not experts in doing statistical studies, so you will explain to them how statistical studies are done when testing two samples for the effectiveness of a new drug. The two samples can be dependent or independent, and you will explain the difference. Concept being Studied Your focus is on hypothesis tests and confidence intervals for two populations using two samples, some of which are independent and some of which are dependent. These concepts are an extension of hypothesis testing and confidence intervals which use statistics from one sample to make conclusions about population parameters.What to SubmitYour research and analysis should be presented on the Word document provided. All calculations should be provided on a separate Excel workbook that should be submitted to your boss as well.

Find a news article on the Internet that discusses correlational research. For instance, look at the following example that I found after a basic Google News search: Vigorous Exercise Linked With Better Grades Note that the title uses the word "linked" and not "caused" because correlational research can only investigate patterns and tendencies, not causal relationships. In my article, research is discussed in which students who exercised vigorously tended to get better grades. Importantly, it is not necessarily the case that exercise is causing higher grades for these students. Rather, it's possible that a third variable, such as personality, is causing both. For instance, students who are more conscientious may be more likely to exercise vigorously, and conscientious students may also be more likely to study hard and thus get better grades. For this discussion assignment, post a link to your article and provide a very brief summary of the correlational findings. Be sure to indicate what two variables are correlated, whether it is a positive or a negative correlation, and whether you think any third variable(s) may be linked to the other two. Finally, discuss any other thoughts you have about the study. For instance, do you feel the author does a good job of avoiding claims about causality, given the correlational nature of the research? Are you surprised by the findings of the research? Do you feel the research is reliable and valid, as discussed by the author? You don't have to answer each of these questions.

1. In words, explain what is measured by each of the following: a. SS b. Variance c. Standard deviation 2. Can SS ever have a value less than zero? Explain your answer.6. A population has a mean of m 5 80 and a standard deviation of s 5 20. a. Would a score of X 5 70 be considered an extreme value (out in the tail) in this sample? b. If the standard deviation were s 5 5, would a score of X 5 70 be considered an extreme value? 8. Calculate the mean and SS (sum of squared deviations) for each of the following samples. Based on the value for the mean, you should be able to decide which SS formula is better to use. Sample A: 1 4 8 5 Sample B: 3 0 9 410. For the following sample of n 5 7 scores: 8 6 5 2 6 3 5c. Compute SS, variance, and standard deviation for the sample. (How well does your estimate compare with the actual value of s?) 13. A population has a mean of m 5 30 and a standard deviation of s 5 5. a. If 5 points were added to every score in the population, what would be the new values for the mean and standard deviation? b. If every score in the population were multiplied by 3, what would be the new values for the mean and standard deviation?22. In an extensive study involving thousands of British children, Arden and Plomin (2006) found significantly higher variance in the intelligence scores for males than for females. Following are hypothetical data, similar to the results obtained in the study. Note that the scores are not regular IQ scores but have been standardized so that the entire sample has a mean of M 5 10 and a standard deviation of s 5 2. a. Calculate the mean and the standard deviation for the sample of n 5 8 females and for the sample of n 5 8 males. b. Based on the means and the standard deviations, describe the differences in intelligence scores for males and females. Female9,11,10,13,8,9,11,9 Male 8,10,11,12,6,10,14,923. Within a population, the differences that exist from one person to another are often called diversity. Researchers comparing cognitive skills for younger adults and older adults, typically find greater differences (greater diversity) in the older population (Morse, 1993). Following are typical data showing problem-solving scores for two groups of participants. Older Adults (average age 72) Younger Adults (average age 31) 9 4 7 3 8 7 9 6 7 8 6 2 8 4 5 6 7 6 6 8 7 5 2 6 6 9 7 8 6 9a. Compute the mean, the variance, and the standard deviation for each group. b. Is one group of scores noticeably more variable (more diverse) than the other? HW #3 - Part 2Question 1Find the mode for the following variables17,1, 5, 5, 17, 17,2, 9, 6, 9,17,17Question 2Find the mode for the following variables2,12, 2, 9, 2,12, 10, 2, 6,12,12Question 3Find the median for the following variables19,3, 8, 14, 19, 19,22, 29, 32, 3,19,19Question 4Find the median for the following variables20,1, 9, 13, 20, 20,23, 30, 35, 37,20Question 5Find the mean (average) for the following set of numbers:x = 3, 6, 14, 3, 5, 9, 10, 16, 11, 9Be sure to round your answer to the nearest 2 decimal places. Question 6Find the mean (average) for the following set of numbers:x = 11, 22, 12, 24, 12, 6, 10, 9, 9, 7Be sure to round your answer to the nearest 2 decimal places. Question 7Calculate the range for the following variables2, 8, 10, 9, 4, 6, 9, 14Question 8Calculate the range for the following variables3, 24, 20, 21, 33, 24, 16, 23`Question 9Find the population standard deviation for the following values:Be sure to round your answer to the 2 nearest decimal places. 2, 9, 2, 10, 1Question 10Find the population standard deviation for the following values:Be sure to round your answer to the 2 nearest decimal places. 42, 14, 41, 31, 8