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The Institute Of Medicine Final

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Nursing
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Denver College of Nursing
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Homework
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Post 1:
The Institute of Medicine (IOM) have 5 core competencies to help improve the quality of health care.
These competences are: Patient provide patient-centered care (PCC), work in interdisciplinary teams
(IT), employ evidence-based practice (EBP), apply quality improvement (QI) techniques, and utilize
informatics (IOM, 2003). Informatics is one of the 5 core competencies.
Health informatics goal is to use information technology to communicate, manage knowledge, mitigate
error and support decision making(IOM, 2003). Informatics can be utilized to increase communication by
providing information that is centralized and readable. For example, using technology to have
telemedicine and consultations allows for greater access of care and improved communication. In
general, informatics simplifies communication and increase the ability to communicate faster. One
example to managing knowledge and information is that evidence based medicine can be linked to
Electronic Medical Record Charts (EMR) of a patient. Thus, the most up to date medicine will pop up
when a patient is seen. This improves patient outcome. This also helps inform clinical decision making by
providing up to date clinical evidence. Another way that informatics can improve clinical decisions
making is by having diagnostic decision support-systems. This has been shown to improve clinician’s
decision making skills. (Friedman et al, 1999). Informatics can be utilized to decrease errors by using
computerized decision making in regards to medical doses. It is also used in medication dispersion by
having to scan medicines before giving the medicine to a patient. The most common appropriate doses
are presented for clinical ease. Currently, we see this with physician orders that are preset. Therefore,
informatics can be utilized to increase patient care. In all, health informatics improves quality of care,
safety, and results in increased efficiency.
Works Cited:
Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on the Health Professions Education Summit; Greiner AC, Knebel
E, editors. Health Professions Education: A Bridge to Quality. Washington (DC): National Academies
Press (US); 2003. Chapter 3, The Core Competencies Needed for Health Care Professionals. Available
from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK221519/
Response 1: Richard
Richard provides relevant use of informatics in health care today. Especially in the context of COVID,
having web based platforms for meetings is essential. I agree with Richard’s assessment of us
informatics to reduce errors by scanning bar codes and medication names. It is striking how informatics
was able to reduce adverse health care effects due to medication error. Further, my colleague gives an
excellent example of the use of informatics in reducing errors when he discusses the working sings if the
correct criteria for medication dispersion is not met. I agree with the use of informatics to communicate
today. Further, the use of informatics to monitor data, look for patient safety trends, and use it to
resolve problems is well established today. In all, this post accurately describes ways that informatics
can be used to improve quality of care through communication, decreasing errors, and supporting
clinical decision making.

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Post 2 response Bobby
This post discusses how informatics can be utilized to manage patient data. Further, I agree that
informatics allows for ease of storage and retrieval of a patient’s health data. This post taught me about
a new communication system called context. This system uses texts instead of the old paging system. I
agree that this has increased the ability to communicate both through ease of use and speed of delivery.
The use of informatics to provide thorough documentation is invaluable both to the patient and
providers. This post discusses how prevalent and necessary the use of informatics is in medicine today. I
agree with the examples given including work stations, smart phone access to information, and patient
monitoring. Further, the use of informatics to show clinical data to make sound clinical decision making
is accurate. In all, this post describes accurately how informatics can be utilized to decrease errors,
increase communication, and improve patient care.
Discussion post 2: Cryptorchidism
Cryptorchidism is commonly known as an undescended testicle. This is where the testicle has not moved
properly into the scrotum before birth. Typically, only one testicle is impacted, but can be bilateral in
about 10% of cases. A common symptom is not feeling the testicle in the scrotum. You can find the
testicle anywhere along the path of descent including the inguinal canal, in the retroperitoneal abdomen
in the inguinal ring, and it may even be absent.
The pathophysiology of cryptorchidism is that typically during embryological development the testes
descends from the abdomen into the scrotum. The testes descended through the processes vaginilais
and are pulled by the gubernaculum. The process is incomplete resulting in cryptorchidism. Endocrine
functions and hormones are said to play a part in the pathogenesis. At this time, research has not
validated how these interplay to result in the pathophysiology of cryptorchidism. Risk factors including
early delivery, low birth weight, family history of cryptorchidism. Treatments include surgical fixation. It
is recommended now that the earlier age is better. Previously this was done around puberty.
Cryptorchidism can led to decreased fertility. This is because in order for sperm to be optimal it requires
being a few degrees cooler than internal body temperature. This is why it is necessary for the testicle to
be in the scrotum. This leads to an increase in male infertility. Further, cryptorchidism leads to
steroidogenesis. Further cryptorchidism is associated with depression and testicular cancer. “Testicular
carcinoma mostly seminoma may be considered as one of the most warring expected sequels of
cryptorchidism, especially if intervention was done after the age of 12 years”(Fawzy, 2015). Further
there is a higher incidence of azoospermia, “ incidence of azoospermia in unilateral cryptorchidism was
13%, but in untreated bilateral cryptorchidism, it reached up to 89%” (Fawzy, 2015). Azoospermia is
where there is no measurable sperm in ejaculate.
Works Cited:
Fawzy, F., Hussein, A., Eid, M. M., El Kashash, A. M., & Salem, H. K. (2015). Cryptorchidism and
Fertility. Clinical medicine insights. Reproductive health, 9, 3943.
https://doi.org/10.4137/CMRH.S25056
Leslie SW, Sajjad H, Villanueva CA. Cryptorchidism. [Updated 2020 Jun 29]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan-. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470270/

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Post 1: The Institute of Medicine (IOM) have 5 core competencies to help improve the quality of health care. These competences are: Patient provide patient-centered care (PCC), work in interdisciplinary teams (IT), employ evidence-based practice (EBP), apply quality improvement (QI) techniques, and utilize informatics (IOM, 2003). Informatics is one of the 5 core competencies. Health informatics goal is to use information technology to communicate, manage knowledge, mitigate error and support decision making(IOM, 2003). Informatics can be utilized to increase communication by providing information that is centralized and readable. For example, using technology to have telemedicine and consultations allows for greater access of care and improved communication. In general, informatics simplifies communication and increase the ability to communicate faster. One example to managing knowledge ...
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