Exam Final Answer

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Walden University

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Solutions to answers:

1. To study the effect of maternal psychiatric disorders, depression, anxiety. During

pregnancy, up to 10% and 13% have depression and anxiety disorder. One previous study

has shown that the associations between preterm births confound the association between

antidepressant use and preterm birth. Therefore, the answer C.

2. To find the incidence rate of motor vehicle death among seat belt wearers.

That is to find probability of given that man wear a seat belt and he died.

The number of persons who wear a seat belt and he died = 28

Let, S = persons who wear a seat belt

D = persons who died

To find, P (D | S)

Thus, the incidence rate of motor vehicle death among seat belt wearers is 28/350

3. Since, the prevalence of the disease is higher than it was 10 years ago.

Instead of incidence being constant

The relative risk has increased.

Therefore, the relative risk of getting Disease X has increased during the past 10 years.

4. Rhe Mantel-Haenszel summary odds ratio of 4.0, because it adjusts for confounding by

BMI and represents the magnitude of risk associated with lack of physical activity in each of

the groups. This statement is the best summary for the scenario given, this is because, it has

full context of indicating the result of BMI which is 4.0, rather than sating only those

observations. Knowing that, when concluding a summary, always mention what is the

result, hence, the result given in this case is 4.0.

5. Underestimation is a rule the old style disparages real weight and that this has

suggestions for potential under dosing of revival medications and liquids. All around

perceived that energy consumption in debilitated youngsters is essentially lower, therefore

the answer is A. Underestimation

6. The correct answer is C, we check the 3 model. We see that the odds for being male,

being depressed, under the age of 30, not in a relationship and unemployed are all related

to the risk of the suicide independently.

7. As we are given that the association is in the same direction that is as one increase, the

other increases and as one decreases other also decreases, this is a case of positive

relationship.

Therefore B. Positive is the correct answer here.

8. The measurement of outcome variable invalid once the study problem obtained

definition of the outcome variable is flawed, exposure information is not consistently

obtained, and, a large enough sample size was not recruited. These both affect the outcome

variable.

9. The ratio would be same as they are at present.

Number of people will become 500 each who use belt and who don’t

Earlier ratio:

a. Seat belt use/total = 28/350 = 0.08

So, now Seat belt use/500 = 0.08

Seat belt use = 500 * 0.08 = 40 people

b. Seat belt not use/total = 104/650 = 0.16

So, now Seat belt no use/500 = 0.16

Seat belt use = 500 * 0.16 = 80 people

Total = death now = 40 + 80 = 120

So, Death rate = 120/100

10. The correct answer is C “When the exposure-outcome association varies by level of the

potential confounder" Hence, B is explained by point 1, D by 3, A by 2. Therefore, C is

doesn't result in residual confounding. Residual confounding is the distortion that remains

after controlling for confounding in the design and/or analysis of a study. There are three

causes of residual confounding:

1. There were additional confounding factors that were not considered.

2. Control of confounding was not tight enough. e.g., age was simply classified as

"young" or "old".

3. There were many errors in the classification of subjects with respect to

confounding variables.

11. The value to be labeled (B) is:

No. of events / Individuals at risk = 1/15 = 0.06666667 = 0.067

Therefore the answer is option C. 0.067.

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Solutions to answers: 1. To study the effect of maternal psychiatric disorders, depression, anxiety. During pregnancy, up to 10% and 13% have depression and anxiety disorder. One previous study has shown that the associations between preterm births confound the association between antidepressant use and preterm birth. Therefore, the answer C. 2. To find the incidence rate of motor vehicle death among seat belt wearers. That is to find probability of given that man wear a seat belt and he died. The number of persons who wear a seat belt and he died = 28 Let, S = persons who wear a seat belt D = persons who died To find, P (D | S) Thus, the incidence rate of motor vehicle death among seat belt wearers is 28/350 3. Since, the prevalence of the disease is higher than it was 10 years ago. Instead of incidence being constant The relative risk has increased. Therefore, the relative risk of getting Disease X has increased during the past 10 years. 4. Rhe Mantel-Haenszel summary odds ratio of 4.0, because it adjusts for confounding by BMI and represents the magnitude of risk associated with lack of physical activity in each of the groups. This statement is the best summary for the scenari ...
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Tags: socioeconomic status anxiety disorder incidence rate random integer history of the disease