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CRIM 150 Criminal Justice System Study Guide

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Chapter one
• Evidence based justice underlying principals
o Target audience
▪ Will the audience respond to the treatment?
o Randomized experiment
▪ Reduce bias
o Intervening Factors
o Measurement of success
o Cost-effectiveness
• The criminal justice system is society’s instrument of social control.
• Formal criminal justice system
o Lawmakers choose whether to keep the offender in the system or discharge
o Factors include seriousness of the charges, evidence and if they have a previous
criminal record
o Bias may also take into effect
o Most cases don’t get to the formal justice system
o Process includes the following
▪ Initial contact
▪ Investigation
• Gather evidence
▪ Arrest
▪ Custody
▪ Charging
• Nolle prosequi- prosecutor may decide to drop charges
▪ Preliminary hearing/grand jury
• Determine if evidence is sufficient
▪ Arraignment
• Formal charges are read and a trial date it set
• Bail is to be considered
▪ Bail/ Detention
▪ Plea Bargaining
• Almost 90% of cases end in plea bargaining
▪ Trial
▪ Sentencing
▪ Appeal
▪ Correctional treatment
▪ Release
▪ Post-release
▪
• Informal criminal justice
• Wedding Cake Model of Justice
o Level 1
▪ Cases involved with the rich and wealthy

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▪ Receive the full array of criminal justice procedures
o Level 2
▪ Serious felonies ex. Rape or robbery
o Level 3
▪ Less serious offences committed by young or first-time offenders
▪ Often dealt with pleas, reductions, probationary sentences or dismissal
o Level 4
▪ Misdemeanors
• Perspectives on justice
o Crime control perspective
▪ Proper role of the justice system is preventing crime through sanctions
▪ Worth the price if it controls crime rate
▪ Not to treat people but punish the guilty
o Rehabilitation perspective
▪ Crime is the result of social inequality
▪ Caring and treating victims of inequality
▪ Helping is being American
o Due process perspective
▪ Fair and equal treatment to all people accused of crimes
▪ Need to preserve the democratic ideals of American society
▪ Decisions be made carefully so no mistakes are made
o Nonintervention perspective
▪ Limited involvement with criminals
▪ The justice system creates sigma which locks people into the criminal life
▪ Deinstitutionalize whenever possible
o Equal justice perspective
▪ Equal treatment for equal crimes
▪ Decisions must be standard and have rules and regulations
▪ Discretion is reduced and controlled
o Restorative Justice
▪ Criminals to be reintegrated into society
• Ethics in Criminal Justice
o Moral ambiguity is normal
o Power is granted to those whom control the justice system
o Ethics in law enforcement
▪ Important, because they have the liability to take away someone’s liberty
o Ethics and the courts
▪ Seek justice for everyone not just wanting a win
▪ Often take plea bargains because of over crowdedness
▪ Maintaining efficiency
o Ethics and Corrections
Chapter 2
o Consensus View of crime
o Common consensus about what behaviors society needs to control

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Chapter one • Evidence based justice underlying principals o Target audience ▪ Will the audience respond to the treatment? o Randomized experiment ▪ Reduce bias o Intervening Factors o Measurement of success o Cost-effectiveness • The criminal justice system is society’s instrument of social control. • Formal criminal justice system o Lawmakers choose whether to keep the offender in the system or discharge o Factors include seriousness of the charges, evidence and if they have a previous criminal record o Bias may also take into effect o Most cases don’t get to the formal justice system o Process includes the following ▪ Initial contact ▪ Investigation • Gather evidence ▪ Arrest ▪ Custody ▪ Charging • Nolle prosequi- prosecutor may decide to drop charges ▪ Preliminary hearing/grand jury • Determine if evidence is sufficient ▪ Arraignment • Formal charg ...
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