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Biochemistry

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Florida International University

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How rhEPO is used or administered to reach target organs

rhEPO is administered intravenously or via subcutaneous route thrice weekly. No route

supersedes the other, however, the intravenous route is preferred for patients undergoing dialysis

because of its convenience. Dosage in chronic kidney disease is 0.4mcg/kg subcutaneous or

intravenous. Weekly monitoring of hemoglobin levels is recommended to ensure a hemoglobin

level less than 12g/dl.

The mechanism by which rhEPO induces the production of red blood cells in patients

with kidney disease

rhEPO receptors interact directly with erythropoietin on the red blood cells surfaces

thereby activating signal transduction pathways that cause proliferation of erythroid precursor

cells(stem cells of the bone marrow producing RBC) and also protects the red blood cells from

apoptosis( programmed cell death). EPO is suitable for kidney disease because it activates

erythropoiesis does not rely on kidney cells.

DNA, RNA molecules, and DNA polymerase are the integral components of the process.

Transcription phase

In the transcription phase, fixing the XYT into a DNA strand is a necessity and involves

deleting or adding the code to rearrange the base pairs. The subsequent DNA is then translated

into an RNA molecule resulting in a complementary pair. Consequently, the desired information

from DNA is rewritten to the new RNA molecule.

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Transcription enables the reciprocation of a specific base sequence into an RNA strand

and the instruction (information) is carried to the ribosomes using messenger RNA (mRNA).

Terminator sequence may stop the addition of nucleotides like in prokaryotic cells

process in unlike in eukaryotic cells where transcription must end to mark the beginning of

translation.

Translation phase

Involves the use of the information contained in mRNA molecule to make a specific

protein from amino acids. The process translates information contained in the RNA strand into

polypeptide nucleotides to form a sequence of amino acids in the ribosomes.

Nucleotide bases combine to make 20 amino acids as a result of a combination of three

nitrogenous bases (codon). An mRNA has many codons read by tRNA and collects the needed

amino acids from the cytoplasm. Having six and three base pair means 216 likely codons which

may pose a challenge

As a professional scientist, I would embrace the idea. Life is changing due to

environmental and other natural pressures. Many diseases, complex and volatile currently exist

than before. Science has provided a substantial solution to such life challenges. Like in many

discoveries before the new research must attract mixed reactions. The fact that scientific

approaches are factual and principle-based means that human beings are using their inborn

ability to expand knowledge and offer solutions to everyday challenges and are worth embracing.

The demise of prior ailments that greatly affected humanity and the current evolution of science

and technology pose a more advantage to humanity.

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Q1 How rhEPO is used or administered to reach target organs rhEPO is administered intravenously or via subcutaneous route thrice weekly. No route supersedes the other, however, the intravenous route is preferred for patients undergoing dialysis because of its convenience. Dosage in chronic kidney disease is 0.4mcg/kg subcutaneous or intravenous. Weekly monitoring of hemoglobin levels is recommended to ensure a hemoglobin level less than 12g/dl. The mechanism by which rhEPO induces the production of red blood cells in patients with kidney disease rhEPO receptors interact directly with erythropoietin on the red blood cells surfaces thereby activating signal transduction pathways that cause proliferation of erythroid precursor cells(stem cells of the bone marrow producing RBC) and also protects the red blood cells from apoptosis( programmed cell death). EPO is suitable for kidney disease because it activates erythropoiesis does not rely on kidney cells. Q2 DNA, RNA molecules, and DNA polymerase are the integral components of the process. Transcription phase In the transcription phase, fixing the XYT into a DNA strand is a necessity and involves deleting or adding the code to rearrange ...
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Tags: amino acids hemoglobin levels Bone Marrow RNA molecule DNA Polymerase