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Cardiac murmurs

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⚫ Cardiac murmurs Aortic stenosis: (most common) Aortic Regurgitation: Mitral regurgitation: Mitral stenosis: Tricuspid regurgitation: Pulmonic stenosis Patent ductus arteriosus: Rheumatic fever: Cardiac murmurs are sounds heard with a stethoscope, that is caused by turbulent blood. Murmurs can be normal or pathogenic In a lot of valvular conditions: Cardiac murmurs 1 There is a narrow flow area due to a stenosed valve for example, leading to higher flow rates. Both of which are perfect conditions to produce a loud murmur. Descriptors: Systolic murmurs occur during systole and can be heard between the S1 and S2 sound. Diastolic murmurs occur during diastole, and the diastolic period is longer than the systolic period (key way to differentiate) Pansystolic murmur → intensity of the murmur is constant throughtout the time listening to the murmur Crescendo murmur → A murmur that gets louder over time Decrescendo murmur → A murmur that gets quieter over time Crescendo-decrescendo → Intensity of the murmur goes up and down over time MS ARD = Mitral Stenosis, Aortic Regurg - Diastolic MR ASS = Mitral regurg, Aortic Stenosis - Systolic Innocent/functional murmurs: Common in children Also young thin patients Examples include: Stills murmur Pulmonic flow murmur Cardiac murmurs 2 Venous hum PDA → patent ductus arteriosis, HCM → hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, LLSB → also can find ventral septal defect Systolic murmurs: Dystolic murmurs: Aortic stenosis (ej ...
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