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Respiration

Content type
User Generated
Subject
Biology
School
Eastfield College
Type
Homework
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Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is the process cells use to convert chemical energy, or glucose, into ATP – the
cell’s energy molecule. The chemical reaction for this process is:
C
6
H
12
O
6
+ 6O
2
→ 6CO
2
+ 6H
2
O + ATP
glucose + oxygen → Carbon dioxide + water + ATP
Aerobic respiration is divided into four reactions: glycolysis, which occurs in the cytoplasm of the
cell; formation of acetyl Co-A and the Kreb’s Cycle, which occur in the mitochondrial matrix; and
the electron transport chain (ETC), which occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In this
lab we will compare aerobic respiration in germinated beans and dry beans. Study Figure 1 and
the model of the mitochondrion in the lab to understand where these reactions take place at.
Figure 1: Mitochondria Structure
Anaerobic respiration, also referred to as fermentation, does not require the presence of
oxygen. In this lab we will study ethanol fermentation in yeast. Fermentation occurs in the
cytoplasm only. Fermentation and cellular respiration begin the same way, with glycolysis.
However, in fermentation the pyruvate made in glycolysis does not enter the mitochondria and
continue the process of breaking it down to extract all of the energy from it. Instead, the
pyruvate is shuttled to a series of reactions that will regenerate the NAD
+
needed by the
glycolysis reactions in order to keep glycolysis running.
Yeast break down glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide, generating 2 ATP in the process.
C
6
H
12
O
6
+
→ 2CO
2
+ 2C
2
H
5
OH + 2ATP
glucose → Carbon dioxide + ethanol + ATP
Yeast fermentation produces carbon dioxide and ethanol. This process is widely used by
humans to produce bread, wine, and beer. In animals, fermentation produces lactate instead

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